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The IUP Journal of Physics

January '09
Focus

The Weyl-Lanczos relations are systems in consonance with the spacetime variables. Lanczos showed that in an arbitrary spacetime there exists a potential (kabx) not unique to the Weyl tensor.

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Lanczos Spintensor for Several Spacetimes
Comparative Analysis of Cascode Operational Transconductance Amplifiers for HF Switched-Capacitor Filters
Dielectric Characterization of the Blend, Natural Rubber with Nitrile Butadiene Rubber
Study of Activation Energy From Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga) for Barium Tartrate (BaC4H4O6) Crystals Grown by Gel Method
An Introduction to the Neutrosophic Probability Applied to Quantum Physics: Revisited
On the Lorentz Transformations
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Lanczos Spintensor for Several Spacetimes

-- I Guerrero-Moreno, López-Bonilla and A Rangel-Merino

Here we employ the Newman-Penrose formalism to obtain the Lanczos potential for some metrics of interest in general relativity.

Comparative Analysis of Cascode Operational Transconductance Amplifiers for HF Switched-Capacitor Filters

-- Sandeep K Arya and Rekha Kansal

The main specifications of amplifiers required for High Frequency Switched-Capacitor (HF SC) filter are high gain, fast response and good accuracy. Different cascode Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) topologies have been presented and compared in this paper. The amplifier structures have been analyzed in terms of their Alternating current (AC), Direct Current (DC) and transient performance parameters using T-Spice simulations. The multipath amplifier with enhanced gain, approximately one and half times unity Gain Band Width (GBW) as that of Current-Mirror Cascode (CMC) amplifier and more than 30% improvement in slew-rate values with respect to Folded Cascode (FC) amplifier has been presented in this paper.

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Dielectric Characterization of the Blend, Natural Rubber with Nitrile Butadiene Rubber

-- S Gunasekaran, A Kala and R K Natarajan

The effect of temperature on the dielectric properties of the newly blended rubber material Natural Rubber (NR) with Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR) at 80:20 concentrations was investigated. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss were carried out into two ways, i.e., the temperature dependences and frequency dependences. Low frequency range measurements were conducted with the impedance spectrometer and high frequencies used microwave bench system X and K band. The temperature dependence of dielectric behavior is constancy between the frequency ranges 1584.9 HZ and 5.01E6 Hz but the dielectric constant decreases as frequency increases from 1 HZ to 1E7 HZ and 9 GHZ to 26 GHZ at room temperature. It was concluded that mechanical blending of the two rubber materials is the simplest mean to obtain a variety of physical properties from the constituent rubber materials NR and NBR.

Study of Activation Energy From Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga) for Barium Tartrate (BaC4H4O6) Crystals Grown by Gel Method

-- Atul Shah, I B Patel and Sunil Chaki

Tartrates have a well-known property of ferro electricity and other broad applications. Barium tartrate crystals have been successfully grown by gel method at ambient temperature in normal test tube. Thermal stability and kinetic parameters of these crystals were studied by employing Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The TGA graph shows that the crystals are stable up to 220 °C temperature. Decomposition takes place in four stages. Activation energy and frequency factor for decomposition have been calculated using non-mechanistic equations.

An Introduction to the Neutrosophic Probability Applied to Quantum Physics: Revisited

-- Florentin Smarandache

This paper generalizes `classical probability' and `imprecise probability' to the notion of `neutrosophic probability' in order to model Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle of a particle's behavior, Schrödinger's Cat Theory, and the state of bosons which do not obey Pauli's Exclusion Principle (in quantum physics). Neutrosophic probability is closely related to neutrosophic logic and neutrosophic set, and is etymologically derived from `neutrosophy'.

On the Lorentz Transformations

-- M Hernández-González, J López-Bonilla and A Rangel-Merino

We show expressions, in terms of Pauli matrices, which directly generate Lorentz transformations in special relativity.

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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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