Home About IUP Magazines Journals Books Archives
     
A Guided Tour | Recommend | Links | Subscriber Services | Feedback | Subscribe Online
 
The IUP Journal of Corporate Governance
CEO's Legacy to the Board: Honesty, Resilience or Trust? The Case of Xerox
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Strong Chief Executive Officers (CEO) leave a legacy that becomes the framework of values on which the board acts. This in turn, defines corporate governance and ethical values of the firm. The central theme of this paper is to explain the dynamics of CEO's legacy to the board and its impact on subsequent CEOs, the board and the company, taking an idiosyncratic case of Xerox Inc. The case of Xerox makes us realize that the current miracle of turnaround that happened at Xerox in mid 2000s, also has some roots in the legacy that Joe Wilson, its founder CEO, left for the board. It was Joe Wilson's legacy with which the board was able to identify the new CEO, reinvent the company and retain the character of the company. The new CEO Anne Mulcahy was able to further the legacy of Wilson and made a magical turnaround of Xerox through the three values that constitute his legacy: honesty, resilience and trust. Joe Wilson's legacy was felt during the operations of the board, as the board strove for internal succession and established systems to groom employees to achieve higher responsible positions. The board trusted their founder CEO's intention and capabilities and were enamored by his honesty and resilience. The people at Xerox feel that none of the CEOs carried the legacy of Wilson, except Anne Mulcahy, who successfully brought the company back from certain demise, Joe's leadership style.

 
 
 

The Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) arguably do not enjoy dealing with their corporate boards. However, they can proceed on all major strategic initiatives only with the board's ratification, since the board has the responsibility to protect the interests of the shareholders and other stakeholders. The success of a company is attached to a good strategy, and this good strategy is seen as the sole initiative of the CEO, but the board plays a major role in supporting these strategies and initiatives and deserves proper credit for that success. Although the board and the CEO have broad common intereststo foster the interests of the stakeholdersyet they usually hold divergent opinions to get there. Board and CEO (management) are usually seen to negotiate and work through the decisions, both managing each other. The strategic issues such as entering into a particular market, new product lines, market position, and so on are based on forecasts and environmental scenarios, and having a position-based negotiation on them stalls any effective action for the company. In an effort to be dutiful as directors, the board prefers to negate any different idea of change, to the extent of having a poor relationship with each other.However, it is the relationship between the board and the CEO that is critical and is based on the trust and respect for each other (Furr and Furr, 2006). This is necessary for better corporate governance practices in the company. Obviously, this trust and respect do not manifest by itself but are painstakingly nurtured by different actions of the board members and the CEO. This paper focuses on the CEO and suggests how the CEOs generate their share of trust and respect, which at times gets so entrenched that it becomes a legacy for the board to follow, thereby setting standards for corporate governance mechanisms of the company.

Conformist attitude to the `way the things happen there' in board proceedings may not always be ideal and maybe a resistance to change. Such process is appropriate along the changing external environment. Loyalty to the company is likely to stem from a desirable attitude to change, rather than a `group think'. Individual board members operate within the purview of a small population of the board, who have their own rituals, traditions and culture. If the causal linkage is marked, more often it points towards the legacy that a strong CEO has contributed to the board. Perhaps, the CEO is a founder member or a person who has salvaged the company from bad times. It is the legacy that the strong CEO leaves, that becomes the framework of values and internal corporate governance mechanisms on which the board acts. With a set value system, it becomes much easier for the board to help the current CEO on factors of decision trade-offs and other strategic issues. This paper is an effort to exemplify how this legacy given by the CEO to the board gets entrenched in the company and builds the foundation of trust and respect which is primarily essential for the board and the management (CEO) to have in order to function effectively.

 
 
 

Corporate Governance Journal, Chief Executive Officers, CEOs, Corporate Boards, Corporate Governance Mechanisms, Quantitative Techniques, Data Generalization, Grounded Theory, Functional Groups, Global Corporation, Globalization, Business Environment, Original Equipment Manufacturer, OEM, Object-Oriented Programming, Xerox, Market Capitalization, Management Policies.