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Modeling of Homogeneous Charge
Compression Ignition Combustion
for Future Engine Application:
A Literature Review
-- Kale S C and Nandgaonkar M R
The automotive engine has been improved significantly over the last decade to achieve the
stringent emission norms and this has helped to improve the performance and fuel efficiency. However, to
meet future exhaust emission norms, there is a need to develop an alternative combustion system which
will further reduce engine emissions. Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) is an
alternate combustion technology with high efficiency as well as low
NOx and PM emissions. This paper gives
an overview of the various numerical modeling methods used for the HCCI combustion analysis. This will
be useful for understanding the numerical approach to study engine parameters like inlet air
temperature, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), compression ratio, valve timing and injection strategy on the
HCCI combustion and exhaust emission.
© 2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Analysis of Flow Through
First Stage Pump (FSP)
of New Aircraft Fuel Control System
Under Various Aircraft Accelerations
-- Arunn Kumar, Pradyumna Ghosh and Kamesh Goyal
A new aircraft engine along with its fuel control system is under design and development in India. In
this paper, the flow through First Stage Pump (FSP) has been studied under various aircraft accelerations.
For energy transfer in a rotodynamic machine, Euler's equation has been used to calculate the total
head developed considering inviscid fluid. However, the viscous losses in rotor have been incorporated
implicitly as 4-5% of the total head developed. The calculated head-discharge characteristics for the FSP have
been compared with actual test data to assess if there is any significant change in the characteristics
under normal ground conditions. Subsequently, theoretical analysis was carried out to check the fuel flow
through FSP under various aircraft accelerations
(g forces).
© 2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Fine-Grained Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Through Multidirectional Forging
-- Abhijit Dutta, Amit Kumar and J Babu
An innovative method of Multidirectional Forging (MDF) was applied to refine the grain size of
Ti-6Al-4V alloy without changing the shape of the initial preform. The coarse-grained sample of Ti-6Al-4V
was compressed from each of the three sides, sequentially at an elevated temperature which constitutes
one set of forging. Such set of compression was carried out for two more times by progressively
decreasing the temperatures. The huge accumulated strain imposed on the specimen reduced the grain size to
~7 mm, which is attractive for superplastic forming and also for improved strength and toughness.
© 2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Some Investigations into the Mechanical
Alloying Process Applied to the Manufacture of
Al-Pb Alloys
-- Ch. V S H S R Sastry and G Ranga Janardhana
The present day standards for materials having high strength, high strength-
to-weight ratios, and improved wear performance, etc., call for manufacturing processes that can
result in supersaturated solid solutions. The modern manufacturing processes, such as rapid solidification
processing, vapor deposition, sputtering, etc., have manifested significant supersaturation of solute atoms in
various alloy systems. However, the recently developed Mechanical Alloying (MA) process holds a better
promise in extending solid solubility limits in cases of ductile-ductile, ductile-brittle, brittle-brittle alloy
systems. In this work, Al and Pb powders of various compositions are subjected to MA using the laboratory size
ball mill and attrition mill. Various considerations employed for successfully compressing and sintering the
Al-Pb alloys are presented. The standard compressibility test, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron
microscopy, optical microscopy, tensile test and hardness test data are used to analyze the dependence of
densification behavior and mechanical properties of Al-Pb alloys made by MA, on the process parameters, viz.,
mixing route, ball-to-charge ratio and alloy composition.
© 2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Design and Analysis of Electrical
Calorimeter to Determine Quality of Steam
-- Saurabh Sharma, Mahesh Pophaley and S C Sharma
Steam calorimeters are commonly used in process industries, power plants and other industries
to determine the quality of steam. Steam quality is a very critical parameter in steam applications as
the performance of steam processes depends on it. Conventionally, separating or throttling or
combined separating and throttling calorimeters are being used for this purpose. An electrical calorimeter is
a concept not well covered in literature, though it has wide range of application and scope with
accuracy and this may offset the limitations of the conventionally used calorimeters. It is found that the
proposed concept can be applied conveniently to find the dryness fraction and can be validated experimentally.
In the present experimental work, therefore, electrical energy is used to find dryness fraction of steam.
The design of the system is based on fundamental principles of thermodynamics. Mainly, steady flow
energy equation has been applied to derive the desired results. As per the requirements, specifications of
various components like steam generator, super heater, etc., have been decided. In the process, electrical
energy is used to make dry saturate from the wet steam in a controlled manner, and steam parameters
are recorded along with the heat supplied to the wet steam. The key feature of the system is easiness of
use without compromising the accuracy. It is also found that this system can be used for a wide range of
the dryness fraction unlike conventional methods, which give results in a narrow range.
© 2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
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