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The IUP Journal of Knowledge Management
Focus

According to psychologists, there are two different underlying goals that people pursue in achievement situations (Sujan et al., 1994). They are—learning goal and performance goal. The former orients people in improving their abilities and mastering the tasks they perform, and the latter orients people in positively evaluating their current abilities and performance. Organizations can survive and maintain competitive advantage in the market through exhibiting continuous performance in all respects of business. Employees should be properly trained and oriented towards supporting their creativity, innovativeness and knowledge in performing their tasks more effectively. Learning orientation enables people to focus on mastery of skills required for growth in their profession. Employees should inculcate the habit of continuous learning and upgrading skills in performing their job to the best. Such tendency among employees leads to improvements in the performance of the whole organization. Hence, organizations need to create an environment for strong learning orientation. Knowledge management plays an important role in the form of identifying and sharing the sources of learning. The help of information technology and systems is also important in this regard.

Sandeep Vij and Rayees Farooq, in their paper, “The Relationship Between Learning Orientation and Business Performance: Do Smaller Firms Gain More from Learning Orientation?”, have attempted to test the relationship between learning orientation of firms and their business performance. They have also attempted to study the moderating effect of firm size on this relationship. They conducted the study on some manufacturing and service sector firms of Punjab state, India, and collected responses to their questionnaire from senior level managers. With the help of Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling, they checked the scales of learning orientation and business performance and the relationship between them. They concluded that firm size, in terms of investment, moderates the relationship between learning orientation and business performance.

In the paper, “Performance Management and Innovative Human Resource Training Through Flexible Production Systems Aimed at Enhancing the Competitiveness of SMEs”, the authors, Nunzio Casalino, Maurizio Cavallari, Marco De Marco, Maria Ferrara, Mauro Gatti and Cecilia Rossignoli, have discussed the benefits of online training in automation and innovation fields and attempted to explain their impact on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). They have described a project that provides training contents to enhance participants’ background and some innovative simulations to improve the specialized knowledge of employees effectively in industrial automation systems. In the light of the general resistance of SMEs to training, wider participation, management development activities, formal appraisals or discussions on training needs, the project develops approaches and learning materials directed specifically toward SMEs to qualify staff in terms of industrial automation systems.

In order to present a detailed overview of several Knowledge Management (KM) related issues like KM concepts and technologies, knowledge-based performance outcomes, organization culture, KM practices, and KM performance index, Sanghamitra Brahma and Sumita Mishra, in the paper, “Understanding Researchable Issues in Knowledge Management: A Literature Review”, have reviewed relevant research publications in the last 15 years. They identified seven broad categories of research done and reported that each category is a well-defined avenue for research in KM field.

The issue ends with a review of the book, Knowledge Creation and Management: New Challenges for Managers, edited by Kazuo Ichijo and Ikujiro Nonaka. The reviewer, Jyoti Verma, has briefed the way the concepts of knowledge creation and management are presented in the book. The reviewer has highlighted the key issues addressed by the book and discussed its relevance to managers.

-- Nasina Jigeesh
Consulting Editor

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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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Knowledge Management