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The IUP Journal of Infrastructure
Focus

T he paper, "Real Options Analysis in Valuation of Commercial Project: A Case Study", by Ketty Vijay Parthasarathy and R Madhumathi examines the application of real options in valuing a commercial project. The real estate sector has grown at 35% in 2008 and is estimated to be worth Rs. 675 bn and is expected to grow at 30% annually till 2018, attracting foreign investments worth Rs. 1.35 tn. The growth has been mainly attributed to the off-shoring business, including high-end technology, consulting call centers and software businesses. The IT and ITES sectors are estimated to require 150 million sq ft office space across urban India by 2010. The authors opine that the evaluation of cash flows as well as a quantitative and qualitative assessment of costs and benefits from the real estate projects help the developers to view project proposals from a broader perspective. Further, the determination of specific real estate project risks and computation of opportunity cost of capital will help developers to set their return targets and proper evaluation of their decision to implement the projects.

The paper, "Urban Infrastructure Development in India: Resource Requirements and Mobilization Methods", by Ramakrishna Nallathiga focuses on the emerging challenge of resource requirement for creation and maintenance of urban infrastructure. Against the backdrop of low allocation of capital expenditure for the provision of basic infrastructure services, the author has suggested exploiting the potential non-conventional means of resource mobilization, apart from reforming and strengthening the conventional means of resource mobilization.

The paper, "An Evaluation of Infrastructure Development in the Hilly Areas", by Vijay Kumar Sharma and Roshan Lal Vashist makes an attempt to study the trends in the growth of socioeconomic infrastructural facilities and interdistricts infrastructural disparity in Himachal Pradesh for the period 1993-94 to 2007-08. By selecting 15 indicators related to economic and social infrastructure, the study has used various statistical tools and techniques to draw appropriate inferences and conclusions. It concludes that even though the socioeconomic and infrastructural facilities in the state have achieved remarkable progress during the study period, the growth and development is uneven in various districts of the state.

The paper "Modeling the Nexus Between Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in India", by Rudra Prakash Pradhan investigates the causality between energy consumption (oil and electricity) and economic growth in India over the period 1970-2006. By using cointegration and error correction model, the study reveals the existence of a unidirectional short-run and long-run causality from economic growth to per capita oil consumption and electricity consumption. Finally, the author suggests designing a suitable energy policy for a sustainable economic growth.

Human resources plays a significant role in the transportation industry. With the advent of scientific management and emphasis on quantitative methodology for optimum utilization of available resources, attempts have been made in the recent years to develop models for evaluating the usefulness of the resources for the organizations. The paper, "Labor Productivity of Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation", by S Mohan evaluates the labor productivity of Tamil Nadu State Transport Corporation by using crew approach and real value added approach.

The Indian telecom sector has registered an unprecedented growth during the last decade making it one of the fastest growing telecom markets in the world. The paper, "Telecom Growth and the Emerging Challenges: A Critical Analysis", by Vijay Kumar Mishra explores the emerging challenges for the growth of telecom sector in India. The author stresses the inequality in the availability of telecom services in the country and argues for bridging the digital divide.

Tourism has proved to be a growth engine for many developing countries. However, in most of the cases, it is driven by foreign tourists. The post-global recessionary scenario warrants a need for self-sustaining growth driven by domestic demand. Rural tourism, targeted towards the urban population of the same country, could prove to be a substitute. The rich tradition of the rural areas can become a source of attraction for the urban population. The paper, "Fair-Based Rural Tourism: A Potential Growth Engine for Rural Economy in Gujarat", by Mohit A Parekh presents the various aspects of rural tourism in general and fairs and festival-based rural tourism with the case study of Gujarat in particular.

-- Pradeepta Kumar Samanta
Consulting Editor

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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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