Sep'21
Focus
The first paper, ?Sustainability of Self-Help Groups: A Literature Review? by Nishi Malhotra and Pankaj Baag, studies the sustainability of the SHGs in India. ?Financial sustainability? and ?Institutional sustainability? are identified as constructs for the paper in the context of income and profitability. The study concludes that sustainability is the ability of the group to achieve its goals through performance in terms of income and profitability facilitated by the institutionalization of structures and processes. Considering the semi-formal structure of these groups, a well-laid-out process would enable them to work efficiently, ensuring wider reach. Once the SHG becomes sustainable, it would create avenues for the grassroots entrepreneur to develop the business to the next level.
The second paper, ?Rural Transformation Through Microfinance in Arunachal Pradesh? by Khugang Moses Wangsa and Amrendra Kumar, studies the impact of microfinance in transforming the lives of the rural population in the State. As the study was conducted in Covid times, the analysis is made through secondary data and published data in various sources. The study indicates that in Arunachal Pradesh, the concept of microfinance is relatively new as compared to other parts of the world, and likewise the status of microfinance activities is low. The findings suggests with proper implementation of various microfinance projects and working with suitable groups such as regional NGOs, the status of microfinance in the State can be improved and thus the rural population can be transformed into a developed community with access to all the basic requirements of life. Rural region potential needs to be leveraged by making financial assistance affordable and accessible.
The third paper, ?Factors Influencing the Choice of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Dhaka City? by Ashrafun Israt Ria and Nasrin Islam, identifies the factors influencing an individual to become an entrepreneur. The authors have identified 12 pull factors and 7 push factors through a literature review. The data for the study was collected from 57 respondents engaged in various entrepreneurial activities. An idea alone cannot not lead to the setting up of an enterprise, the entrepreneur faces challenges within and outside for making it successful. Such studies are pivotal to identify the factors that facilitate and block the road to entrepreneurship. Policy makers can benefit from such studies, and they can roll out interventions through training programs and schemes, which will be of great help to the entrepreneurs.
The last one is an interesting case study, ?Finding a Green Solution to Plastic: Kevin Kumala?s Cassava Bags? by Munmun Samantarai and Indu Perepu. The case study is about the rising crisis of plastic waste the world over. This crisis prompted Kumala to establish Avani Eco (Avani), to create a better plastic that would leave no trace on earth. Kumala found a solution in the form of cassava, vegetable oil, and organic resins. Since 2015, Avani had produced all kinds of disposable and eco-friendly products, including coffee cups, cutlery, food containers, straws, and cassava plastic ponchos, and designed 100% biodegradable bags made from cassava starch. Kumala sought to promote the use of the bioplastic bags with the aim of defeating conventional plastic. However, one of the major challenges facing Avani was funding and scaling up. Only time would tell whether Kumala?s cassava plastic would be the solution to the plastic problem that the world is facing. These innovations often struggle to face the mass market giants and thus scaling up problems. The case study puts in perspective important triggers for innovation to become scalable and sustainable.
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| Article | Price (₹) | ||
| Sustainability of Self-Help Groups: A Literature Review |
100
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| Rural Transformation Through Microfinance in Arunachal Pradesh |
100
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| Factors Influencing the Choice of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Dhaka City |
100
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| Finding a Green Solution to Plastic: Kevin Kumala?s Cassava Bags |
100
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Sustainability of Self-Help Groups: A Literature Review
This study aims to identify the indicators of sustainability in India?s context of the Self-Help Groups (SHGs) linkage scheme. It also aims to provide an operational definition of sustainability and identify a relationship between sustainability and group outcomes. Many studies provide a conceptual definition of sustainability. However, few studies provide an operational definition to facilitate the measurement of sustainability of SHGs bank linkage in India. The systematic literature review approach using keywords has been used for analysis. From the study of the extant literature, it becomes apparent that sustainability aims to achieve the goals of financial intermediation and is beyond outreach. It ensures access to funding at an affordable cost, and thus through social capital and the network, it provides stability of performance. This leads to the achievement of financial inclusion goals such as poverty reduction. This study summarizes how SHG linkage can achieve sustainability to facilitate sustainable development. This study will add immensely to current literature in sustainable finance and challenges to inclusive banking.
Rural Transformation Through Microfinance in Arunachal Pradesh
Microfinance is an effective mechanism through which the underprivileged households have access to diverse credit services so as to guard themselves against financial insecurity in the future. These financial services are not restricted to lending credits, rather it comprises other services such as micro insurance, micro leasing, provision for thrift savings, etc. In other words, microfinance is a matching set of formal financial instruments that are specifically designed to fulfil the needs of the poor individuals by taking into consideration their low level of education and knowledge related to financial activities. The introduction of microfinance program has led to the improvement of the credit lending options for the rural poor households, and it is believed to work as an effective weapon to lessen poverty and improve the living standards of the poor. Hence, it is considered as the most distinct instrument for uplifting the poor individuals and mitigating poverty.
Factors Influencing the Choice of Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Dhaka City
In Bangladesh, entrepreneurship development is especially significant for its intrinsic role of creating new employment opportunities, income generation and ultimately poverty reduction. This study aims to identify the factors that influence an individual to be an entrepreneur. The underlying factors are categorized as push associated with some negative forces and pull linked with some positive forces. Primary data was collected from 57 respondents from among the individuals engaged in various entrepreneurial activities. The ownership style, nature of enterprise, experience, educational qualification, and push and pull factors of the sample enterprises were considered as the main sources of primary data. The data analysis has been performed in two ways: Average response of the respondent on a statement and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using STATA tool. Based on a comparison between the outcome of ?Average response of the respondent on a statement? and ?PCA of the responses?, ?Curse of unemployment? has been identified as the push factor that compelled the respondents to become an entrepreneur. On the other hand, ?Strong willpower to do something on own?,?Self-employment and economic freedom?,?Use of personal knowledge and previous experience? and ?Career advancement? have been found to be the leading pull factors that encourage respondents to become entrepreneurs.
Finding a Green Solution to Plastic: Kevin Kumala's Cassava Bags
Established in 2014, Avani Eco was spearheaded by Kevin Kumala (Kumala), an Indonesian social entrepreneur. Kumala's concern for plastic pollution and its increasing negative impact on the country drove him to look for a solution. He came up with a groundbreaking innovation with a root vegetable, cassava, to combat the plastic pollution. Avani manufactured a compostable bioplastic made from cassava starch, and also made a full range of sustainable food packaging and hospitality products from renewable resources. Its bioplastic bags gained special attention as the company claimed that the bags dissolved in water and were safe for aquatic animals and even humans. However, Avani Eco faced certain challenges. As the company did not focus much on marketing its products, not many were aware of its existence. Lack of awareness about the product made it tough for Avani to limit and replace the use of traditional plastic. Also, bioplastic was more expensive than conventional plastic, so the cost of Avani bags was higher than that of the usual plastic bags. The company was also struggling to scale up due to lack of funding. The case highlights Indonesia's fight against plastic, the journey of Avani Eco, its products, and the company's future plans to compete with traditional plastic and emerge as a 'green' replacement.