The IUP Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
October
'08
Focus
Newton-Raphson
method is used widely for solving the power flow problems
in power system studies. In this method, a set of non-linear
algebraic equations describing the electrical power network
under steady-state conditions are solved.
Effect
of UPFC on Load Flow Studies on Ill-Conditioned Systems
--Sarat
Kumar Sahu, S Suresh Reddy and S V Jayaram Kumar
From
the mathematical modeling point of view, a power flow solution
consists of solving the set of non-linear algebraic equations
that describe the electrical power network under steady-state
conditions. In this paper, a general discussion of ill-conditioning
of a system based on the condition number of the Jacobian
matrix is presented. Load flow studies are carried out on
ill-conditioned test systems with Flexible AC Transmission
System (FACTS) device (Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC))
incorporated. The variation of the condition number and the
rate of convergence are presented for both well-conditioned
and ill-conditioned test systems.
Modified
Particle Swarm Optimization Based Optimal
Power Flow
--
M Anitha, S Subramanian and R Gnanadass
This
paper describes a modified Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
method called Fitness Distance Ratio (FDR) PSO to solve the
Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem with ramp rate limits of
the generators. To avoid premature convergence of the conventional
PSO, a velocity updation has been carried out to improve its
convergence performance. The proposed method is tested on
5-unit, 10-bus test system and 39 bus New England system.
To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the
OPF results are compared with other optimization methods.
Transient stability limit of the generators are also incorporated
in the formulation of OPF problem. Wheeling transactions and
contingency analysis are also carried out on the New England
test system and the system stability is checked. A 24-hour
load curve is considered for the same system and transient
stability constrained OPF solution is obtained through FDR
PSO method and the results are presented.
Long-Haul
Dispersion Managed Soliton Transmission Link Over a Fiber
Length of
18,000 km with Loss and Periodic Amplification
--Manoj
Kumar, Ajay K Sharma and T S Kamal
In
this paper, simulative investigations have been carried out,
which indicate that relatively stable pulses can propagate
over a long haul dispersion-managed soliton regime in a fiber
link with loss and periodic amplification by keeping the average
dispersion small but non-zero. Here, non-zero anomalous dispersion
equal to 6 ps/nm is maintained by inserting Dispersion-Compensating
Fiber (DCF) non-symmetrically in the fiber loop. Here, it
is demonstrated that solitons can propagate even when
varies along the fiber length up to 18,000 km (100 loops).
This
paper proposes a non-model based method formulated as an alternative
to conventional PI control. This method has been applied to
the problem of control of a shunt active power filter designed
for reactive and harmonic current compensation. The amplitude
of the current is controlled by the fuzzy system, which processes
the error between the DC link voltage and a reference set
voltage. The performance of the proposed method is examined
by MATLAB simulations and is found to have better dynamic
behavior than PI control.
A
Novel Technique for Distance Protection of Series Compensated
Transmission Line
--V
J Pandya and S A Kanitkar
This
paper presents a method to detect the presence of capacitor
in the fault loop under consideration by calculation of average
harmonic distortion for 3,5,7 Harmonics from post fault one
cycle data using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (Sim power System
Blockset, MATLAB).The value of the same is considered as a
decision-making criterion for the operation/prevention of
the mal-operation of the relay. The paper also discusses how
to select the system configurations in order to get the fruitful
results towards finding solution for problems associated with
protection of series compensa
ted transmission line.
Review
of Various Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA) Techniques
for Power Transformers
--Jashan
Deep Singh, Yog Raj Sood and Piush Verma
Dissolved
Gas Analysis (DGA) is an important analysis for fault diagnosis
and condition monitoring of power transformer. The various
techniques, such as conventional methods, Artificial Intelligence
(AI), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Fuzzy Expert Systems
(FES), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Bayesian Network (BN), Extended
Relation Functions (ERF) and Self-Organizing Map (SOM) algorithm,
can be used to increase the efficiency and accuracy of the
diagnostics system. This paper presents the systematic review
of various techniques with their relative advantages and disadvantages.
Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India
Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.
The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario
If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.
Indian Scenario
The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.
varies along the fiber length up to 18,000 km (100 loops). 
