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Economic theories consider man as a positive utility acquiring and rational being (in
fact, the concept of Homo sapiens has been replaced with Homo economicus by some
economists). Innumerable financial innovations provide an avenue for fulfilling the ever
growing investing and wealth creating appetite of this Homo economicus. The financial innovations range from simple to complex, from serving common man on the street to serving
mega rich and elite. One of the very important financial innovations which has really
helped the common man on the street to enjoy the same privileges as rich and elite is the
concept and design of mutual fund.
As of year-end 2008, mutual fund industry was managing
$18,974,521 mn under 69,032 mutual fund schemes and
was growing at CAGR of 7.2% from year-end 2000 to
year-end 2008 (Investment Company Institute, 2009). Indian mutual fund industry originated
with the establishment of Unit Trust of India in 1963 and later expanded to include
public sector banks and private sector mutual funds (Anjaria
and Anjaria, 2001). A significant increase has been observed in the growth with respect to percentage of mutual
fund investments in household financial savings from 1.2% in 1993-94 to 7.7% in
2007-08 (Reserve Bank of India, 2008). From FY 1997-98 to FY 2009, the assets under
management grew at the rate of 14.08%, and as of March 31, 2009, total assets under management
were 417,300 cr, managed by 35 asset management companies (Association of
Mutual Funds of India (AMFI), 2009). Further, as of March 31,
2009, non-retail investments constituted 73% (including corporate or institutional investments and investments
by high net worth investors) of assets under management in terms of value and 97% by
retail investors in terms of number of investors (KPMG, 2009).
Unfortunately, the growth in the mutual fund industry has not been equally
matched by the growth in its research on its purchase and selection. In fact, most of the research
is focused on mutual fund performance and its two determinants, viz., return and risk;
and their role in fund flows and persistence of performance (Capon et al., 1996). Although studies have indicated a positive relationship between performance and flow (Sirri
and Tufano, 1992) and between flow and performance (Gruber, 1996), yet purchase or
selection of mutual funds (and hence flows) has been considered a multi-framework decision
by many researchers, of which mutual fund performance is an important part (Cook
and Hebner, 1993; Capon et al., 1996; and Campenhout, 2007). Since most of the studies
focus on return and risk, value and contribution of other attributes in mutual fund
selection behavior demand attention. |