A supply chain is defined as “the integration of key business processes from end users through
original suppliers that provides products, services, and information that adds value for
customers and other stakeholders” (Lambert et al., 1998). Here, a supply chain includes all
the value chain processes from suppliers to end customers. It is imperative that each supply
chain participant adds value from the perspective of the end customer in the supply chain.
This assumes integration of both supply and demand side activities in the value chain (Jeong
and Hong, 2007). Supply Chain Management (SCM) refers to all of the processes,
technologies, and strategies that together form the basis for working with internal as well as
external sources of supply. According to the Council of Supply Chain Management
Professionals (CSCMP), the goal of SCM is the integration of supply (e.g., logistics and
operations) and demand (e.g., marketing) management within and across firms. Thus, it is
essential to understand the marketing perspective also, instead of solely focusing on SCM
decisions. SCM and marketing often operate as self-optimizing, independent entities.
Generally, SCM seeks to optimize supply, whereas marketing seeks to optimize demand. SCM
is cost-focused, deals with production and distribution, whereas marketing is revenue-focused,
and involves identifying and responding to customer needs. The result is, SCM and marketing
efforts move in independent, even adversarial, directions. Integration of SCM and marketing
provides greater flexibility to satisfy customer demand based on the needs of individual
customers and their value to a company.
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