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The IUP Journal of Entrepreneurship Development
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Rural industries in India are primarily micro or tiny in nature. They have less gestation period and huge potential to create employment opportunities for rural youth. Traditionally, agro-based industries and handicrafts have thrived under rural entrepreneurship. Service industries, such as mobile phone and electronic goods sales and repairing, have made inroads in the rural economy. Rural entrepreneurial ventures face major challenges in the domains of human resource, financial access, and marketing. State and national-level institutes play a vital role in nurturing rural entrepreneurship.

The first paper, “The Role of Microenterprises in the Promotion of Rural Entrepreneurship in Assam”, by Dipanjan Chakraborty and Ratan Borman, extensively brings out the challenges faced by rural entrepreneurs of Sonitpur district of Assam. The paper analyzes the socioeconomic characteristics of a sample of 60 rural microenterprises in the Sonitpur district. It brings out the problems faced by these enterprises and suggests suitable measures to eradicate them. The findings suggest that there is a need for concerted efforts by the government and the rural masses to enhance the growth and prosperity of rural microenterprises. Based on the findings, the authors also provide valuable suggestions for the growth and development of rural microentrepreneurship in the backward region of the Sonitpur district of Assam.
The second paper, “Predominance of Market Forces in Entrepreneurial Failures”, by K Nagarajan, analyzes the reasons for the failure of entrepreneurial units engaged in manufacturing and service activities, by studying the manufacturing units financed by the Tamil Nadu Industrial Investment Corporation Limited (TIIC). The findings of the study can be used by policy makers to intervene at appropriate developmental stage in the entrepreneurial venture in order to ensure success.

The third paper, “Group Entrepreneurship for Creating Successful Microenterprises”, by E M Reji, delineates the factors that lead to group entrepreneurship. The paper further traces the evolution of women Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and their group enterprises, support environment, and the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of these group enterprises, by studying 21 group enterprises of SHGs in Rayagada district of Odisha.
The fourth paper, “Social Entrepreneurship: A Strategic Perspective”, by Partha Sarathi Roy, provides a comparative analysis of four select social enterprises. Case research method is used to seek patterns and commonalities among these organizations. The outcome of the analysis is used to draw propositions which may be used by future researchers to explore this domain.

The last paper, “Relevance of Entrepreneurship Cells in Technical Institutes and Business Schools”, by Indranil Mutsuddi, analyzes the role played by entrepreneurship cells (e-cells) established in technical institutes and business schools in promoting and nurturing entrepreneurial ventures. These e-cells focus on: (a) creating entrepreneurship awareness;

(b) developing entrepreneurship skills and traits; and (c) incubating entrepreneurial ventures among the students pursuing their tertiary education. This paper further brings out the effect of e-cells on various stakeholders of educational institutes.

-- S Senthil Kumar
Consulting Editor
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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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