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The IUP Journal of Entrepreneurship Development
Focus

Although women entrepreneurship was recognized as the untapped source of
economic growth in the last decade, the growth of women entrepreneurs has been slow due to several socio-cultural factors. India being primarily a patriarchal society, the women here have to face tough challenges to overcome the barriers that arise out of discrimination and absence of entrepreneurial aptitude. Women who make up their minds to become entrepreneurs, face an array of other issues that are related to finance, market and production. However, government initiatives and other institutional arrangements such as Self-Help Groups (SHGs) facilitate the growth of women entrepreneurship in India.

SHGs play an important role in promoting entrepreneurship among women, especially of the economically disadvantaged classes. They provide the much-needed guidance and means to access market and finance. Many state governments realizing the potential of SHGs have come out with different ways to nurture and enhance them. One such measure is the SHG-bank linkage program which seeks to facilitate easy access to cheap finance to SHGs. The first paper, “Women Empowerment and SHG Federations: Different Pathways for Micro-Entrepreneurs and Others”, by T V Janaki and V V Sesha Mohan, analyzes the impact of one such program on the SHG beneficiaries.

The second paper, “Women Entrepreneurship: The Changing Status”, by Sujata Mukherjee, analyzes the development of women entrepreneurship in India as well as assesses the impact of entrepreneurship development on women. First, the paper delineates the role of governmental and non-governmental organizations in promoting women entrepreneurship, while in the later part, the paper presents evidence on how entrepreneurial ventures have improved socioeconomic status of women entrepreneurs in India.

There has been a growing interest among scholars on identifying the role of personality and behavioral characteristics of the entrepreneurs in the success of an entrepreneurial venture, while a few have addressed the role of skill-related factors in entrepreneurial success. The last paper, “A Study of Skill-Related Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Success in India”, by Balram Choubey, Taniya Sinha and J K Pattanayak, contributes to the scarce literature. For the purpose of the study, survey data was collected from the micro, small and medium enterprises registered with District Industries Center in the three districts of Jharkhand, viz., Dhanbad, Ranchi and Bokaro. Measuring entrepreneurial success in terms of ‘business outlook’, the study seeks to identify how entrepreneurial success is influenced by factors like leadership skills, communication skills, human relation skills, technical skills and inborn entrepreneurial aptitude of the entrepreneurs.

-- S Senthil Kumar
Consulting Editor

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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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