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The IUP Journal of Law Review
Focus

This issue contains seven papers. In the first paper, “Protection of Children Against Forced Recruitment During Armed Conflicts”, the author, V Seshaiah Shasthri, focuses on how children are affected by forced recruitment in armed groups. The author has highlighted the established normative ‘protections’ and ‘safeguards’ under International Human Rights Law.

In the second paper, “Competition Law: The New Consumer Choice”, the authors, Sairam Bhat and Rohith R Kamath have examined the tentative and modern approach of consumerism. The paper also discusses the important cases relating to the Competition Act.

In the third paper, “Sexual Harassment at Workplace and Protective Measures for Women: National and International Perspectives”, the author, Rashida Ather, analyzes sexual harassment of women at workplace and also examines the implementation and enforcement of international laws relating to women’s rights in India. The paper also discusses the various recommendations of human rights scholars and calls for a campaign from government, NGOs, and people to eradicate all kinds of violence and discrimination against women.

In the fourth paper, “Land Acquisition: Issues and Challenges”, the author, V G Ranganath, highlights the acquisition of land for public purpose, and the legal issues decided by the Supreme Court of India. The National Advisory Council aims to make the land acquisition process more just and humane, and it is proposed to have a unified legislation dealing with acquisition of land, providing just and fair compensation, and making adequate provisions for the rehabilitation and resettlement of affected persons and their families. The paper focuses on land acquisition with special reference to the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Bill, 2013, passed by the Parliament, and grant of compensation after acquiring the land as decided by the Supreme Court of India.

The fifth paper, “On Ensuring Justice and Protection for Children”, by Baseerat Fatima, covers the need for special care and protection of children, since justice and protection are basic rights of every human being including children. The paper focuses on almost all the relevant constitutional provisions and the relevent Apex Court decisions.

In the sixth paper, “The Need for Innovative and Comprehensive Pedagogy in Legal Studies at Postgraduation Level”, the author, Victor Nayak, examines the recent changes in curriculum for the LL M program, and against this backdrop, highlights the changes expected in law teachers. The author analyzes the innovative suggestions given by various committees like Ahmadi Committee, Law Commission of India and guidelines of Curriculum Development Committee Report 2011.

In the last paper, “The Communications Convergence Bill, 2001: A Critical Study of Communications Convergence in India”, the author, Pritam Ghosh, focuses on the salient features of the bill. The Communications Convergence Bill, 2001 was tabled in the Parliament with the intention of bringing legal regulation with regard to all forms of communication, including the Internet and other modern communication media. The paper critically analyzes the main features of this bill and suggests that rapid enactment of this law will be a major breakthrough in the communications sector.

-- V Hemalatha Devi
Consulting Editor

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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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