Knowledge is an important resource for creating core competences and performing
innovations for both individuals and firms now and in the future. Managing
this knowledge has become an important issue in the past few years. Firms and individuals have developed a variety of technologies and applications to capture this knowledge for academic research and practical use. Knowledge Management (KM) research has focused on its nature, concepts, frameworks, tools, functions and methodologies for real applications of KM technologies. Liao (2003) reviews KM technologies and applications from 1995 to 2002 on the basis of 234 articles. He classifies KM technologies into seven categories: KM framework, knowledge-based systems, data mining, information and communication technology, artificial intelligence/expert systems, database technology, and modeling. As such, organizations are targeting KM to enhance their efficiency and performance. In a highly dynamic environment, KM supports processes to create, capture and act on information which allows the organizations to adapt rapidly to changes around them (Lim and Klobas, 2000). The firms focus on KM because it helps to bring the maximum possible return to an organization by capitalizing on the expertise of its employees. The proliferation of information technology not only plays an important role in electronic commerce, but also in KM. Advances in information technology (e.g., Internet, browsers, data warehouses, data mining techniques, etc.) can be used to systematize large-scale intra and interfirm knowledge. Though training employees through development programs, organizational policies and procedures, and maintaining manuals is not new (Alavi and Leidner, 1999), the firms today are more knowledge-focused.
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