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The IUP Journal of Entrepreneurship Development
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In India, the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) contribute nearly 45% to total industrial output. The growth of MSMEs is considered as an index of entrepreneurial orientation of any country. The unique characteristics of MSMEs such as non-hierarchical, clan-type of organizational culture make them highly innovative in their approach in addressing the needs of the society and adaptive to the changes in the business environment. Achieving balanced growth of MSMEs across the vast geographical region of the country is a priority of the government. Government machinery faces formidable challenges in ensuring such type of growth which may be affected by a plethora of economic and social factors. The first paper, “Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in North East India: Performance and Prospects”, by Navin Kumar Rajpal, is a comparative study of growth and development of MSMEs in North Eastern Region (NER) of India and India as a whole. The NER of India has failed to keep pace with the average growth rate of MSMEs in the rest of the country, which leads to imbalanced growth. This paper further analyzes the growth pattern among the different states of NER. Government agencies committed towards promoting MSMEs would find this analysis useful in planning their interventions to ameliorate the situation.

The second paper, “Promoting Firms Within the Cluster: A Policy Experience of the Sports Goods Cluster at Jalandhar”, by Priya Jhamb, focuses on the role of the government in growth and development of sports goods cluster at Jalandhar. Geographical proximity and easy access to resources lead to co-location of numerous business enterprises that share common business model and challenges, which over a period of time become a cluster. Government’s attitude towards the cluster is found to be not so encouraging. Very few initiatives have been taken up by the government for the development of the cluster. The paper analyzes the various factors that affect the growth prospects of sports goods cluster at Jalandhar which would be beneficial for policy makers and other agencies committed to promoting and nurturing industrial clusters in India.

The third paper, “The Impact of Self-Help Groups on Women Entrepreneurship: A Study”, by Vishnu Vadde and N Vijaya Ratnam, empirically identifies the role behavior profile and traits of Self-Help Group (SHG) women entrepreneurs chosen from Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh, India. More specifically, the study probes whether SHGs have positively impacted the skill development among women entrepreneurs. The authors further make various recommendations backed by analysis of primary data collected from sample women entrepreneurs. SHGs play an important role in enhancing income levels of poor women from rural areas. Many women have benefitted from their association with SHGs. The findings of this paper contribute to our understanding of the SHGs’ role in the development of women entrepreneurship.

The fourth paper, “Blue Ocean Marketing Strategy: A Study of Refractory Industries in Odisha”, by Saikat Gochhait and P C Tripathy, analyzes the structure and factors that influence the growth and development of refractory industry in Odisha, India. The paper presents a detailed analysis of the sources of competitive advantage in the industry, backed by company-specific analyses. The authors use the concept and framework of blue oceans strategy for their analysis of three different companies.

-- S Senthil Kumar
Consulting Editor
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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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