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The IUP Journal of Law Review
Focus

This issue contains five research papers. In the first paper, “Right to Work as a
Fundamental Right in India: An Overview”, the author, J Adinarayana, attempts
to focus on the manner in which right to work has been identified and articulated within both the international arena and India and highlights the situations where it is closely related to other basic rights such as the right to life, right to education and the right to food. This paper attempts to emphasize that the right to work should be recognized by the State as a justifiable right so as to achieve the objective of the Indian Constitution. The author highlights the role of judiciary in bringing the right to work as a justifiable right within the ambit of Article 21 so as to make the right to life more meaningful.

The second paper, “The Krishna River Water Dispute: No End in Sight?”, by J Uma Rao, focuses on the current degree of politicization of interstate water disputes in India. In this paper, the author points out that there are not enough effective guidelines, an accepted set of parameters and indicators to resolve conflicts arising from transboundary river-water sharing issues. This paper highlights the importance of setting up the Inter state Council and traces out the statutory framework evolved over time in bringing about an amicable and satisfactory solution in respect of interstate river water disputes. The author observes that these institutions indeed cannot supplant the legal machinery in place but may effectively supplement it in tackling the intricacies and the problems within the current framework.

The third paper, “The Concept of Originality Under Copyright Law: An Analysis of Judicial Interpretation and Juristic Opinions”, by Aftab Jeelani Wani, attempts to incorporate the recent case law and legislative developments focusing on the standard of ‘originality’ under copyright law. This paper attempts to examine the varying interpretations at different national and international levels of the concept of ‘originality’ as a sine qua non for grant of copyright protection. The author observes that the various approaches brought forth through the judicial decisions and academic deliberations have put limits as to what can be protected by copyright law.

The fourth paper, “The Dumping Scenario and the Regulatory Framework to Safeguard Domestic Industry in India”, by Annapurna Devi Munaganti, focuses on the dumping situation in India and international scenario, and the issue of origin of goods and the process to determine dumping in India and other countries. This paper discusses the regulatory framework in India and the role of authorized body in curbing such dumping menace. The author also hihglights some instances where India has successfully placed her concerns at the international stages. The author suggests that there should be strict observance of antidumping duties by the regulatory authorities as a measure for protecting the domestic industry from uncontrolled influxes of foreign dumped goods.

The last paper, “Poverty and Human Rights”, by Mallika Ramachandran, attempts to evaluate the Constitutional framework and various legislations enacted to ensure social justice and basic necessities to people. This paper throws light on the constitutional schemes and governmental measures which aim to end the human right violations that drive and deepen global poverty. The author seeks to examine the role of Indian judiciary in recognizing some of the nonenforceable social and economic rights as part of fundamental rights and providing mechanisms for access to justice, through its creative interpretation of the right to life in a meaningful manner.

-- V Hemalatha Devi
Consulting Editor

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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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