Motivation is a set of reasons that prompts one to engage in a particular behavior. The term
is generally used for human motivation, but according to various theories, motivation may be
rooted in the basic need to minimize physical pain and maximize pleasure, or it may include
specific needs such as eating and resting, or a desired object, hobby, goal, state of being or ideal
(Arellano et al., 1998). A higher degree of intrinsic motivation in comparison to extrinsic
motivation drives employees to perform better and also helps stem attrition at source.
According to Pintrich and Schunk (1996), motivation provides the basic platform upon
which the whole of human cognitive behavior originates, i.e., it essentially leads a person’s
activities.
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