In general, manufacturing is the process of conversion of raw material to finished
goods by utilizing the resources. The resources are Men (labor), Material
(consumable), Machines (equipment), Methods and Minute (time), and it has been
generally named as 5M’s (Bowey, 1982). Cost incurred on these resources in
producing a single unit of (final) product is called the direct cost of manufacturing in
that organization (Black, 2002). Based on the practical product cost analysis of the
manufacturing cost of an automotive (rubber) product, the following inferences are
made (Figure 1).
The raw material contributes 50% of the total cost. It can be addressed by
concentrating more on consumption and method of processing using the tool of Supply
Chain Management (SCM). Among the direct cost, cost related to ‘men’ includes
direct labor and the indirect (overhead) expenses. The next important contributing
resources are men and labor. Therefore, savings in each individual will lead to
introducing /recruiting persons for manufacturing. On the other side, in India, it is not
economical to convert all operations as fully automatic. It will again lead to increase in
the manufacturing cost of the product (Anantharaman and Nachiappan, 2006). The
aim and role of ‘men’ is to add value to the product instead of cost so that the product
can be manufactured and delivered in respect to the customer taste and willingness/
desire (Nachiappan and Anantharaman, 2006).
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