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The IUP Journal of Information Technology
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Today, we see computing outside the realm of personal computers. It has penetrated into everyday products, enabling useful and interesting applica- tions. It has been estimated that around 90% of the computing devices are in embedded systems rather than personal computers. The growth rate is more than 10% per annum. According to industry forecast, there will be over 30 billion smart devices worldwide by 2020.

With an explosive growth of smart devices and ubiquitous computing, and a desire to be in a connected society, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become a reality gradually. It is an ever-growing network of computing devices, machines, vehicles, buildings, people, animals and other physical objects with the ability to exchange data over the Internet.

The goal of the IoT is to create smart environments that make energy, transport, agriculture, healthcare, tourism, buildings, homes, cities and many other areas more intelligent. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies being the critical hardware infrastructure, the IoT system provides remote tracking and monitoring of connected objects and thereby offers numerous applications so as to improve the quality of human life.

While the promises of IoT are exciting, the challenges it offers are manifold. These challenges can be both technical and social in nature and must be overcome in order to ensure its rapid adoption and diffusion. Some of them can be interoperable hardware and software, energy-efficient devices, efficient sensing and identification techniques, communication protocols, quality of service, data analytics and visualization algorithms, security and privacy issues.
Against this backdrop, the paper, “Android-Based City Bus Tracking System”, by Snehal A Demapure and S V Kulkarni, describes an intelligent traffic information system using the notion of IoT. The authors claim that the proposed application is efficient, useful and cost-effective.

The second paper, “Mobile Learning and Evaluation: A New Paradigm of Teaching and Learning”, by Kirti Panwar and Raj Kamal, presents a mobile application that enables a user to learn a subject and test his knowledge while on the move. The system is developed using Microsoft Technologies and claimed to be user-friendly.

The third paper, “E-Sign Detector: Image Steganography-Based Employee Identification System”, by V Senthooran, M T Chathuranga and T Kartheeswaran, describes a system that identifies and tracks employees in an office who try to enter some restricted area. The authors claim that the proposed system will overcome several problems of manual identification and tracking.

The next paper, “A Comparison of Code Maintainability in Agile Environment”, by Mary Adebola Ajiboye, Matthew Sunday Abolarin and Johnson Adegbenga Ajiboye, presents a research study on time to maintain code in an agile software development environment. It reveals that random pair programmers spend more time per bug on the average, while individual experts spend less time to do so.
The last paper, “The Effect of ERP System on Organizational Performance: A Comparative Study”, by Bharti Motwani and R K Sharma, is an impact study. It reveals that Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have positive effects on many factors related to organizational process.

-- A C Ojha
Consulting Editor
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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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