Derivative instruments like futures and options are extremely versatile securities that can be
used in many different ways. Traders can use these instruments to speculate, while hedgers
can use them to reduce the risk of holding an asset and arbitragers can exploit the mispricing
in the markets. The presence of these instruments allows investors to explore strategies
which are otherwise not possible and make markets more efficient.
The effect of derivative introduction on the underlying securities has been widely studied
in financial literature. According to Black and Scholes (1973), options listing should have no
effect on stock returns as option prices are not a function of stock returns, whereas empirical
evidence shows both positive and negative price effect due to option listings. According to
Hakansson (1982), Detemple (1990) and Detemple and Selden (1991), introduction of option
contracts has positive price impact, while negative price effect has been reported by Miller
(1977) and Danielsen and Sorescu (2001). As theory provides no indication of the direction
or magnitude of option listing effects, empirical research has gained momentum in this area.
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