The key objective of Real Earnings Management (REM) is to meet certain
earnings thresholds using other than normal business practices. In the first
paper, “Real Earnings Management and Subsequent Operating Performance”, the authors, Denise M Leggett, Linda M Parsons and Austin L Reitenga, discuss the effect of REM on subsequent operating performance. The authors found that REM is negatively related to subsequent period return on assets and cash flows from operations. They also noted that the inconclusive results in prior research may be in part due to estimating abnormal expenditures using industry-level models.
In the second paper, “A Conceptual Framework of the Mediating Effects of Human Interactions in Supply Chain Relationships”, the authors, Shankha Sengupta and Anusha Sreeram, highlight the influence of employee interaction within individual organizations towards the development of inter-personal relationships among the employees and the various peer groups, supervisors and other departments. The authors propose a conceptual framework reflecting the antecedents that might affect successful relationship development through the mediating role of inter-personal interactions.
In the final paper, “Vodafone Global Telecommunications: Optimizing Operations”, the author, Rachel Ang, examines the experiences of executives who were successful in consummating a corporate operation. The author used phenomenological research method for the study. The main findings of the study reveal that executives consider pursuing optimizing operation, and the responsible executive teams should assess their reputation within the local and regional communities. Also, the executives review their historical and present philanthropic engagement, determine the soundness of their relationships with political and regulatory entities, and review their environmental stewardship.
Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India
Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.
The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario
If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.
Indian Scenario
The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.
