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Application
of Wavelet Transform in Controls: A Review
-- Hare
Krishna Mohanta and R K Gupta
Wavelet
analysis is an emerging field of mathematics that has provided
new tools and algorithms suited for the type of problems encountered
in process monitoring and control. In this paper, a review
is presented for the applications of wavelet transform in
advanced control systems, particularly in Model Predictive
Control, Intelligent Control, Robust Control, Adaptive Control,
Nonlinear Control, Process Modeling and Control, Process Identification
and Control, Process Monitoring, Diagnosis and Control, Statistical
Process Control and Optimal Control. The underlying principles
in each of these control strategies have also been briefly
discussed.
©
2005 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Interface
Mediated Oscillators: A Review
-- R
C Srivastava and S K Saha
Two
examples of interface mediated oscillators are discussed in
the light of their nonlinear dynamic characteristics and biological
implications. The importance of these systems is enhanced
manifold because many convenient systems are not available
which may be investigated experimentally in the far from equilibrium
region.
©
2005 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Micro-hollow
Cathode Plasma and Applications: From Excimer Source to Flat
Tv Screens
-- Vijay
Nehra, C L Mittal and H K Dwivedi
Micro-hollow
cathode discharge (MHCD) devices are emerging as a versatile
source of optical radiation (from vacuum ultraviolet to visible
range) having unique properties, particularly with respect
to operating pressure and power loading of the plasma. The
devices are amenable to mass production and have promising
applications to pollution control, display systems and chemical
synthesis. The present paper provides an overview of gas discharge
plasma using MHCD and its applications in a broad perspective.
It is a tool for plasma spectroscopy specialists, who are
familiar with analytical plasma, but may not be so well aware
of other applications of MHCD Plasma. In the first part, micro-hollow
cathode discharge and its principle will be discussed. In
the second part, the most important applications will be outlined.
©
2005 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Synthesis
and Fault Observability of CMOS Op-Amp
--
S C Bose
The
growing need for integration of mixed analog-digital system
requires the automation of analog design process and its testability.
In this paper, we have attempted to develop an integrated
CAD tool for the synthesis and testing of CMOS operational
amplifier (op-amp). The point CAD tool converts the user specification
of Miller compensated op-amp into a sized transistor topology.
The user input includes gain-bandwidth product (unity gain
frequency), input Common Mode Range (CMR), Slew Rate (Sr)
and Load Capacitance (CL). Also, we have proposed
a novel algorithm to detect fault(s) in an op-amp. We have
used sensitivity analysis to detect fault. It has been shown
that there are a range of frequencies over which the fault
in different transistors exhibits itself at the output.
©
2005 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Unified
Harmonic Compensator for Line Voltage and Current Distortion
-- Alka
Mahajan, Parmod Kumar and Bhim Singh
A
different topology has been described for a series-shunt active
power filter also known as Unified Power Quality Conditioner
(UPQC). The UPQC configuration utilizes the advantages of
both shunt and series filter types and can address most of
the power quality problems, however, the high cost and complex
control limit its practical use. The authors have proposed
a cost-effective UPQC topology with simplified control. It
consists of two half bridge bi-directional converters connected
to a common DC link. The series and shunt components of the
UPQC use two switches, each connected to a split DC bus. Since
the number of switches is reduced, the cost is much reduced
compared to the full bridge topology. The UPQC suggested in
this paper emphasizes on harmonic voltage and harmonic current
elimination. The series Active Power Filter (APF) keeps the
voltage at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) constant with
a clean waveform, free of distortion and the shunt active
filter is aimed at harmonic current elimination and regulation
of DC link voltage. A simplified reference voltage generation
scheme for the series APF is also suggested that uses a PLL
EPROM-based device to generate the reference signal and does
not require calculation of active voltage component. This
significantly reduces the time delay in compensator response
and eliminates the need for complex hardware/software to extract
the active voltage component and generate the reference signal.
The control scheme is verified by simulation.
©
2005 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Varying
Isospin Chemical Potential and the Phase Structure
-- S
K Singh and Suresh Ramaswamy
The
phase structure of Hadrons and Quark Gluon Plasma is investigated
at finite temperature and varying non-zero isospin chemical
potential within the framework of QCD-motivated phenomenological
Bag Mode. This model is extensively used to describe the equation
of state of deconfined quark matter. The plasma phase is considered
to consist of non-strange quarks, their anti-quarks and gluons
and the hadron phase of system.
©
2005 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Optimization
of Process Parameters for Continuous Removal and Recovery
of Cu2+ by Immobilized Spirulina Platensis
-- Raveender V, Ramachandran S and Verma
S K
The
biosorption of Cu2+ by lyophilized free cells and
Poly Acrylamide Gel (PAG) immobilized S. platensis biomass
was studied under batch and fixed bed column conditions. The
process parameters like pH of the ambient medium, concentration
of biomass, composition of ambient medium and flow rate were
optimized. A 28% of biomass loaded PAG (w/w) squares were
found to be stable as well as exhibited maximum Cu2+
sorption. In batch studies, the lyophilized free cells showed
a maximum metal loading of ca. 250 mg g_1 at pH
6.0, which was almost similar under the immobilized condition.
The experimental sorption data conformed to Freundlich isotherm
model indicating a single layered Cu2+ deposition
by the biomass. A 10 mmol dm_3 of Ca (NO3)2
was found to be the most suitable amongst the various eluants
studied for the Cu2+ recovery from the metal loaded
biomass. A glass column filled with 2 g of PAG immobilized
S. platensis biomass was used for studying the continuous
metal sorption and recovery in multiple cycles. The influent
containing 0.1 mg dm_3 of Cu2+ with
the flow rate of 6 cm3min_1 exhibited
a breakthrough at ca. 37 dm3. A 345 cm3
of 10 mmol dm_3 of Ca (NO3 )2
at the same flow rate was found to completely elute the adsorbed
metal. Ten such cycles of metal loading and its recovery were
performed to examine efficiency of the process in terms of
volume reduction. The process functioned optimally for at
least seven cycles with ca. 143-fold volume reduction and
was able to treat ca. 270 dm3 of industrial effluent
with full efficiency.
©
2005 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Seismic
Loss Scenario Generation
-- Satyendra
P Gupta and K M Sindhu
Seismic
disasters have been regularly affecting various parts of the
world. Life losses and damage to property are normal features
and in many cases the economy of the country is affected,
thus disturbing the development plan. Disaster management
is associated with various facets of handling of disasters
so as to minimize the losses and suffering to masses. Government
officials face a dilemma in the pre-disaster planning phase
and provision to the affected community in the event of a
disaster. Although it is very difficult to predict an earthquake
precisely and further its disastrous effects, if some idea
can be given on the likely scenario which will develop, following
a seismic action, then some pre- and post- disaster planning
can be done to tackle the situation. This study aims to build
a scenario which could develop following an earthquake event.
An attempt to understand the situation, Delhi has been taken
as a case study. In the absence of needed data, the study
has limitations and understanding of the methodology is more
important here. This paper will describe in brief the assumptions
made, the principles followed and results arrived at with
some conclusions.
©
2005 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Handling
the Problems Concerning Quality Management in Small and Medium
Enterprises with Special Reference to Asia-Pacific Countries
-- Anil
Jain
The
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Asia-Pacific region
have been increasingly facing the heat of globalization following
the stipulations of the World Trade Organization (WTO). According
to the WTO mandate, the custom duties, import tariffs and
other taxes will be reduced to zero level by the year 2005.
The SMEs will face a very stiff competition from European
and American manufacturers for the marketing of their products
within and outside their country. This paper looks at the
issues of Quality Management in the areas of production, quality
assurance, technology upgradation, standardization and human
resource development. The real life experiences have been
drawn from the shop floor in SMEs and efficient cost-effective
solutions have been recommended to improve the quality of
production, quality control, standardization and human resource
development. A coordinated approach has been discussed in
the paper which makes optimum utilization of United Nations
funded institutions like the Asia-Pacific Center for the Transfer
of Technology, the Instruments Design Development and Facilities
Center (UNIDO/UNDP Assisted Center) and the Central Scientific
Instruments Organization, Chandigarha Government of India
Research Laboratory. Further, the paper suggests suitable
measures which can enable SMEs to become globally competitive
and establish their markets even in developed countries of
the Europe and United States.
©
2005 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
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