The Greek term `diaspora' means to `disperse' or `scatter', which
is now used to refer to the "process by which people of a particular nation
become scattered and settled in other countries". Originally, it was used
to designate the scattering of the Jews from ancient Palestine after the Babylonian
exile to settle in other countries. The Jewish diasporic writers refer to Deuteronomy
28:25, in The Bible, which speaks about the curse that fell on the Jews. The
verse goes as follows: "The Lord shall cause thee to be smitten before
thine enemies, thou shalt go out one way against them, and flee seven ways before
them: and shall be removed into all the Kingdoms of the earth". However,
in the present times and in the vast domain of literature, the meaning of the
word `diaspora' has been extended to the dilemmas and difficulties of emigrants,
expatriates and refugees who have gone to live in an alien country.
The unprecedented growth of multimedia, communication facilities and
cyber technology, as well as the increasing search for green pastures, have
considerably intensified the process of emigration. In spite of the migrants' acculturation and
the enthusiastic embrace of the new culture, in many cases, their identity is at stake,
and consequently, they cling fast to their ethnic identity and become `resident aliens'
(Rath, 1999, p. 13). The most common question that
exacerbates a migrant's `otherness' in an alien culture is "where are you
from? not who/what are you?" (Rath, 1999, p. 8).
Christine Gomez gives a perceptive description of a migrant's experience in an expatriate
situation in the words:
Expatriation is actually a complex state of mind and emotion which
includes a wistful longing for the past, often symbolized by the ancestral home,
the pain of exile and homelessness, the struggle to maintain the
difference between oneself and the new unfriendly surrounding, as assumption of
moral or cultural superiority over the host country and the refusal to accept
the identity forced on one by the environment. The expatriate builds a
cocoon around herself/himself as a refugee from cultural dilemmas and from
the experienced hostility or unfriendliness in the new country . |