Maharashtra has inequality in terms of district domestic products. The inequality is also reflected in variations in productivity and production of agricultural commodities across different regions of the state. Such difference is observed because of soil, climatic conditions, use of fertilizers, etc. Post-Green Revolution farmers have been using the high yielding varieties of seeds, pesticides, insecticides, fertilizers, and irrigation facilities. Therefore, the yield of the major crops has considerably increased in the Post-Green Revolution period. But yield of crops has not increased all over Maharashtra. In the Vidarbha region, the yield of all major crops except cotton has declined after Green Revolution. But yield of almost all crops has increased in Western Maharashtra. It has been observed that the farmers of lower yield areas usually suffer high cost of cultivation. Thus, farmers must be given more information about crop cultivation, climate change, water management, and use of fertilizers. The construction of farm ponds and check dams through NREGA will improve irrigation. Further, small farmers must be given priority in the formulation of agricultural policy, as this will help to improve the yield of various crops.

In the state of Maharashtra, there exists inequality in terms of district domestic product. Some districts have higher domestic product due to the growth of the service sector. The growth of agricultural sector was not achieved uniformly across the state. After Green Revolution, the state has achieved a remarkable progress in food grains production. But the growth rate of food grains production is not uniform within and between the districts. Large variation in yield, area and production of food grains is commonly observed in the state.

Green Revolution has changed the agricultural production function, where technical know-how and natural endowments, such as irrigation facilities play an important role. The regions with good irrigation facilities and natural endowment have experienced most benefits from Green Revolution. Those farmers who have used the modern agricultural inputs have experienced an improvement in production and productivity of crops. But benefits of all agricultural inputs are not obtained by all the farmers. The regions with less irrigation and less natural endowment have suffered high cultivation cost. The yield of the major crops in those areas has declined after Green Revolution.

Vidarbha region has showed a declining trend in food grain output after Green Revolution. This region had high production, yield and area under cereals before Green Revolution. But after Green Revolution, the area under all food crops has declined. Only the production and area under pulses have shown a significant increase in this region after Green Revolution. The Vidarbha region is commonly considered as the cotton-growing region, while the yield and output of all major food crops are completely ignored. As far as total output, yield and area under food grains in this region are concerned, it is a very serious issue and needs large-scale intervention. This paper tries to compare the production, yield and area under food grains in Vidarbha region between the pre- and post-Green Revolution periods. It also analyzes the area, yield and their interaction effects on total food grains output in this region, in the two periods, as large variation in food grains output was expected due to Green Revolution. The paper is organized as follows: Starting with a brief introduction, the database and methodology used in the paper are discussed. Subsequently, the empirical results are presented in detail, and finally, the conclusion is offered with policy implications.

Agricultural Economics Journal, Food Grains Production, Agricultural Commodities, Post-Green Revolution Farmers, Green Revolution, Agricultural Sectors, Vidarbha Region, National Pulses Development Programme, Cultivation Techniques, Domestic Products.