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The IUP Journal of Telecommunications
Focus
The present and next generation wireless telecommunication technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM), Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) systems and seek support from innovative research in the areas of speech and video coder design, digital signal processing and efficient microstrip smart antenna design. Obviously, new generation cellular system deployment under the name of UMTS or IMT-2000 follows two mainstream standards of Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) and CDMA 2000 under the administration of International Telecommunication Union through Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) respectively. These systems were designed to support a range of multimedia broadband services and may further be extendable to ultra broadband mobile systems involving dynamic channel allocation techniques. This issue of The IUP Journal of Telecommunications, addresses some of the issues involved in CDMA and WiMax systems and research investigations pertaining to speech enhancement techniques, digital signal processing and microstrip antenna designs for wireless systems. Wireless system link performance is usually limited by multifading and interferences from other users. Multi-code modulation provides a reliable high speed data communications by using the Fast Walsh Transform (FWT) under different types of channel fading models. The first paper, “Optimization of Channel Capacity of Multi-Rate Multi-Code CDMA for Broadband Packet Wireless Access”, by Pankaj Shankar Srivastava and M R Meshram, presents a mathematical model to determine the optimum packet size in multi-rate multi-code Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network to achieve the maximum channel capacity. The analysis shows the reduction in throughput with an increase in the packet size for a given processing gain. In the second paper, “MATLAB Modeling and Simulation of a WiMAX System”, the authors V K Chaubey and Rakesh Kumar Jain, have presented the MATLAB model for the physical layer of Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) system. The developed model has been used to simulate and analyze Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the system over Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel and Rayleigh faded multipath channel. Recursive Systematic Convolution (RSC) turbo code is included in the modeling to show an improvement in the BER performance of the system. In the third paper, “Optimized Technique for Speech Noise Elimination Using Traditional Spectrum Subtraction“, the authors Kinnar G Vaghela and Z M Patel have proposed a classical algorithm based on spectrum subtraction technique to eliminate noise from the speech, to achieve an improved signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed algorithm was implemented in the MATLAB environment and showed an improved form of spectrum, minimizing the background noise. The fourth paper, “Role of Pulse Shaping in Modern Wireless Communication“, by A S Kang and Vishal Sharma, presents an overview of pulse shaping in modern wireless communication in the Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) scheme. The paper emphasizes the improvement achieved in wireless systems through pulse shaping and claims the system to be more bandwidth efficient. The fifth paper, “The Challenges of Handset Antenna Design and Computer Aided Design, Development and Fabrication of Circular Microstrip Antenna“, by R D Kanphade, D G Wakade and N T Markad, reports the design and realization of microstrip antennas in S-band at 2.4 GHz using the conventional MIC fabrication technology. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the challenges of designing an integrated antenna into modern handset. Simulation is done using the microwave design software to report the desired characteristics of the designed antenna. In the sixth paper, “Compact Dual-Band Single Feed Rectangular Microstrip Antenna”, the authors, P A Ambresh, P M Hadalgi and P V Hunagund, have proposed a novel compact dual-band single feed rectangular microstrip antenna design and also presented its applications in wireless communication systems for 3-4 GHz frequency region suitable for WiMAX, radar communication, WLAN or UK-based fixed satellite services. The last paper, “A Novel Design of Dual-Band, High-Gain Square Microstrip Antenna”, by Kishan Singh and S N Mulgi, reports a novel design of square-ring slot loaded square Microstrip Antenna (MSA) suitable for dual-band and high-gain operation. The analysis reports an enhancement in the upper operating band by incorporating square-ring slot in the ground plane in the proposed design. --V K Chaubey Consulting Editor
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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management

Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.

International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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