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                     The world's financial markets, especially the Asian markets, have witnessed 
                          enormous changes in the past several decades. A number of empirical studies have examined 
                          long-run relationships and short-run dynamic causal linkages among the emerging Asian 
                          financial markets and major developed markets. After the October 1987 stock market crash, a 
                          large body of empirical literature on interdependence among the equity market has emerged. 
                          Most of the literature has concentrated on the dynamic linkages of the developed markets. 
                          This study examines the interdependence between the stock markets of Brazil, Russia, India, 
                    and China (BRIC) and those of the US and Japan.  
                    One of the most significant international financial developments of the 
                      21st century was the opening of BRIC stock markets. As a group, BRIC have been enjoying high 
                      economic growth since its inception. BRIC have played an important role in the global 
                      financial developments. Latest estimates suggest that BRIC now hold more than 30% of world 
                      reserves. Although China is the dominant contributor, Russia, India and Brazil have also 
                      accumulated substantial reserves. BRIC's share as a destination for global Foreign Direct Investment 
                      (FDI) also continues to rise (now 15% of the global total, nearly three times higher than in 
                      2000). BRIC's FDI outflows have also picked up (to more than 3% of the global total, a 
                  sixfold increase since 2000) as BRIC companies expand their own global presence.   |