Travel and tourism has now become a global industry, and according to the World
Tourism Organization (WTO), it is one of the fastest growing industries. It helps nations
to enhance their GDP and helps societies in generating employment opportunities. It
also helps the country to popularize its culture and the economy to attract more Foreign
Direct Investment (FDI). Therefore, this industry has gradually become a major source for
the countries to enhance their image and in turn get benefitted by the inflow of money
in terms of investments and tourist spending. But in today's highly competitive market,
each and every country is trying hard to attract more and more tourists to their
countries. Therefore, now the countries have started using the marketing strategies which so far
were used to promote other products and services. One of the most important strategies
is branding. Countries have started branding themselves to have competitive edge over
each other. A strong country brand helps the host country to position itself on the mind
of tourists and it also protects from any kind of bad name or disaster (for example the
slogan `I Love New York' drew back the tourists to this city after the September 11 attack
on World Trade Center
Kotler et al. (1999) have defined place marketing as "a place planning
procedure concerning the satisfaction of the needs of target markets. It could be successful when
it satisfies two main parameters, (1) The enterprise and residents' satisfaction from
purchase of goods and services that the place provides (2) the satisfaction of the expectations
of the potential target markets." Keller (2005) has said that geographic locations
like products and services, can also be branded, which will make people aware of the
location and will help in the growth of tourism and business as well.
The branding of places has evolved in different ways. Kavaratzis (2005) has
talked about different trends of evolution of this concept. Earlier, around 2000, the concept
of `nation branding' was only within the circle of marketing consultants who were also
the advisors to their respective national governments. Their objective was to use the
positive effect of nation branding to attract tourists and foreign investments, but they did not
have the proper skills to design and implement branding campaigns and strategies. After
2002, the destination marketer started realizing that the destinations' images are being
judged during the first-hand experience of the tourists during their visit. They realized that
this branding effort would not only help in attracting more tourists and foreign
investments, it would also play a critical role in different community development programs,
because this branding effort required the coordination among different agencies and
organizations of a particular destination. |