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The IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior
Focus
In today's globalized world, a study of cross-cultural differences in values and behavior is extremely important. This issue of the journal opens with the paper "Convergence and Divergence of Values and Type A Behavior Patterns Between Developing and Developed Countries", by Bahaudin G Mujtaba, Edward F Murphy (Jr.), Timothy McCartney, Albert Williams, Andrew Trumbach, Juliett Reid, Regina Greenwood, William Teeple and Mark D Woodhull. The study examines similarities and differences in the values and Type A Behavior Patterns (TABP) of working adults between two developing countries (Belize and the Bahamas) and two developed countries (the UK and the USA). Results indicated value convergence for 30 of the 36 values. There was value divergence as developing countries placed higher importance on the safety and security values in comparison to developed countries. Type A Behavior Patterns was stronger in Belize and the Bahamas as compared to the USA. The second paper by Snigdha Sharma, titled, "Role of Age and Work Experience in Ethical Behavior", investigates the role of age and work experience in ethical behavior of middle level managerial personnel. The results indicate that age and work experience are significantly related with ethical behavior of managers. Pooja Garg and Renu Rastogi, in their paper, "Effect of Psychological Wellbeing on Organizational Commitment of Employees", examines the effect of psychological wellbeing on the commitment of employees. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicate significant effects of psychological wellbeing on organizational commitment. The fourth paper "Effects of Stress and Work Culture on Job Satisfaction", by A P Singh and Sadhana Singh, brings out positive relationships between positive life event stress and job satisfaction. Regarding satisfaction with management, results indicate significant differences in obligations towards others, in case of high and low work culture. The last paper, "Gender Differences in Stress Among Bank Officers of Private and Public Sectors" by Christo F V Fernandes, Satish Kumar and Nandakumar Mekoth, explores the differences of organizational role stress among men and women officers in private and public sector banks. Results indicate that women experience more role stress than men on most of the role stress dimensions. Moreover, women officers of private sector banks experience more role stress than women officers of public sector banks. -- Avinash Kumar Srivastav Consulting Editor
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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management

Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.

International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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	Organizational Behavior