Quality
Function Deployment (QFD) is a way of making the `voice of
the customer' heard throughout an organization. It is a systematic
process of capturing customer requirements and translating
these into requirements that must be met throughout the supply
chain. The result is a new set of target values for designers,
production people, and even suppliers to aim at, in order
to produce the output desired by customers. It is sometimes
referred to by other nicknames, such as, "the voice of
the customer" (from its use as a way of communicating
customer needs), or "the House of Quality" (HOQ)
(from the characteristic house shape of a QFD chart).
QFD
has been an important tool for translating the voice of customer
into product specification (Akao, 1990; Clausing, 1994; and
Cohen, 1995). It has been widely used for product development
and quality improvement around the world. It is a customer-oriented
approach, supporting design teams in developing new products
based on an assessment of customer needs. Basically, in the
QFD, customer needs are translated into design attributes.
The design attributes are then deployed in the process and
quality requirements.
To
begin the design process in the QFD, the design team needs
to listen to the voice of the customer. Satisfied customers
are the key to successful competition. However, the
question is how to incorporate the customer's spoken, unspoken,
present, and future needs into a company's products or services.
Many organizations have found the answer in QFD. Different
types of customers' needs and level of satisfaction, in terms
of the degree of requirements fulfilled, may be analyzed by
using the Kano Model as presented in Figure 1. Various studies
report that customers are more satisfied when they have their
unspoken demands (non-voice) fulfilled from a typical product
or service. |