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The IUP Journal of History and Culture

January '11
Focus

Visualization of the ancient India through the pages of history is particularly significant in terms of cultural advancement and material progress that has made many researchers from various disciplines enthusiastic on the subject.

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Reconfirmation and Reinforcement of the Indus Script Thesis: A Logical Assessment and Inquiry as to the Elusive and Enigmatic Nature of This Script
Contemporary Trends in National Media Ownership: Revisiting Political Economy Approach
Role of Jagannath in the Process of Legitimacy of the Kingdom of Khurda, Orissa
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Reconfirmation and Reinforcement of the Indus Script Thesis: A Logical Assessment and Inquiry as to the Elusive and Enigmatic Nature of This Script

-- Sujay Rao Mandavilli

The earliest known example of an Indus seal dates back to 1873 in the form of a drawing published by Alexander Cunningham. Since then thousands of examples of the Indus script have been discovered, and the Indus script has been subject to a very serious analysis by many scholars across the world and still continues to fascinate, enchant and frustrate innumerable researchers who have made many a vain attempt to understand its true nature and meaning. The nature of the Indus script remains elusive and there are currently many different schools of thought—some think it represented a Dravidian language, some think it represented an Indo-Aryan language, while some are convinced that it belongs to a third language group. Some argue that it represented a language while others argue it was only a complex `symbol system', either with or without a linguistic content. In an earlier paper, "Syncretism and Acculturation in Ancient India; A New Nine Phase Acculturation Model Explaining the Process of Transfer of Power from the Harappans to the Indo-Aryans", which was published in two parts, a method was proposed to reconstruct the languages of the Harappans with `smoking guns', and it was concluded that the Harappans spoke neither a Dravidian language nor Sanskrit but were multi-linguistic and spoke several languages which included remote ancestors of languages which much later came to be known as Prakrits. In this paper, a parsimonious approach has been taken with regard to the Indus script, an attempt has been made to understand its nature, to examine the logical flaws of current theories with regard to the Indus script and it is concluded that it is impossible to draw any hasty conclusions about the nature of the Indus script without building rock solid theoretical models and that the Indus script issue is probably less simple than the most simplistic of theories make it out to be. More importantly, we also refute `Sproat's smoking gun' which cannot prove that the Indus writing system was not stable, that it was not a writing system or that it did not have a linguistic component.

Article Price : Rs.50

Contemporary Trends in National Media Ownership: Revisiting Political Economy Approach

-- I Sumanth

India has witnessed exponential growth in the media and communications sector following liberalization and opening up of skies. Who has gained from such explosive growth? This paper argues for the continued relevance of Political Economy approach in the study of contemporary Indian media. In the era of globalization when we talk of multiple flows of culture, capital privileges seem to be blurring. This paper argues that a more realistic assessment would have to look at media ownership patterns to see who is at the helm. There is no single beneficiary in this process. The interests of established global and Indian business houses with deep pockets are facing competition from new Indian business, which have benefitted from their political clout. Together they are shaping our mediascape and history.

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Role of Jagannath in the Process of Legitimacy of the Kingdom of Khurda, Orissa

-- Brundabana Mishra

This paper attempts to find out the role of Jagannatha cult in the process of Bhoi legitimacy over the kingdom of Khurda in the coastal part of Orissa during the 16th and 17th centuries. Their legitimacy was based upon the protection and patronage to the regional deity, Jagannatha. An analysis has been done on the ritual relationship between the king and the God, particularly Jagannatha. To arrive at a definite historical conclusion, the author has not only consulted the Sanskrit contemporary as well as authentic document of 18th century Sanskrit work Katakarajavamsavali, but also other sources like translation of the 16th century Persian work Akabarnama, Oriya sources like Madalapanji, Chamu Chitau and British accounts are used adequately.

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Decolonising the Revolt of 1857: Colonial Order, Rebel Order, Rebel Vision and the Shakespearean Weltanschauung of the Bengali Babu

-- Kaushik Chakraborty
Laxman D Satya

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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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