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The IUP Journal of Chemistry

March'12
Focus

Over the past two decades, active interest has been generated and it continues to grow in the chemistry of iron compounds, particularly in expanding areas of synthesis of heterobinuclear complexes.

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Arsenic Removal from Potable Water Using Copolymer Resin-III Derived from p-Cresol
Excess Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Mixtures of Acetophenone with Methanol, Hexane, Dimethylformamide and Tetrahydrofuran at T = 308.15 K
Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Thiosemicarbazyl Compounds in Insecticides
Effects of Substituent on Antioxidant Potent Substituted Styryl 3, 4-Dichlorophenyl Ketones
Complexometric Determination of Indium(III) and Thallium(III) Individually and in Mixtures Using Methylene Blue as Ion-Pair Indicator
Enthalpy of Mixing and Vaporization of Esters with Alcohols (Methyl Acetate – Methyl Alcohol and Ethyl Acetate – 2-Butyl Alcohol) at 298 and 308 K
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Arsenic Removal from Potable Water Using Copolymer Resin-III Derived from p-Cresol

-- Sanjiokumar S Rahangdale and Wasudeo B Gurnule

Copolymer was synthesized by condensation of p-Cresol (p-C) and Adipamide (A) with Formaldehyde (F) in the presence of 2M HCl as catalyst with 4:1:5 molar ratios of reacting monomers. Water is the most important constituent of our body. Thus, its quality should be good and perfect because it directly affects our health. Water pollution due to arsenic leaching is one of the biggest problems all over the world. Ion-exchange studies of this purified copolymer resin were carried out for As3+ ions. ‘A’ proved to be a selective chelating ion-exchange copolymer for certain metals. Chelating ionexchange properties of this copolymer were studied for As3+ ions. Batch equilibrium method was employed to study the selectivity of metal ion uptake involving the measurements of the distribution of a given metal ion between the polymer sample and a solution containing the metal ion. The study was carried out over a wide pH range and in media of various ionic strengths. The copolymer showed a higher selectivity for As3+ ions.

Excess Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Mixtures of Acetophenone with Methanol, Hexane, Dimethylformamide and Tetrahydrofuran at T = 308.15 K

-- Shipra Baluja, Jagdish Movalia and Nilesh Godvani

Density, viscosities and speed of sound of binary mixtures of acetophenone with methanol, hexane, Dimethylformamide (DMF) and Tetrahydrofuran (THF) were measured at 308.15 K. Excess molar volume, excess viscosity, excess isentropic compressibility and viscous flow of activation of mixtures were estimated from the experimental results.

Flow-Injection Chemiluminescence Determination of Thiosemicarbazyl Compounds in Insecticides

-- Zoumana Sekou Traore and Xingguang Su

This paper reports a sensitive, simple and rapid flow injection chemiluminescence method for the determination of thiosemicarbazyl compounds in insecticides. It was found that the thiosemicarbazyl compounds have the tendency to inhibit the Chemiluminescent (CL) signal generated by KMnO4 – Na2SO3 system in the acidic medium. The linear correlation between the generated CL and the concentration logarithm was detected in the range of 7.3 Χ 10–9 – 5.4 Χ 10–7 M for Thiosemicarbazide (TSC) and 6.8 Χ 10-–9 – 3.6 Χ 10–7 M for the thiosemicarbazone; with the relative standard deviation (for 12 measurements) of 2.3% and 2.6% respectively. The limits of detection (3s) are 2.2 Χ 10–10 M and 1.8 Χ 10–10 M respectively. The sample throughput is 100 samples/h. The proposed method was used to determine the TSC in the synthetic samples with satisfactory results. To prove the practical use of the method, it was applied to determine the TSC and thiosemicarbazone concentrations in insecticides purchased in the market.

Effects of Substituent on Antioxidant Potent Substituted Styryl 3, 4-Dichlorophenyl Ketones

-- G Thirunarayanan

A series containing 16 substituted styryl 3, 4-dichlorophenyl ketones [(2E)-1- (3, 4-dichlorophenyl)-3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ones] were synthesized by solvent-free stereo selective crossed-aldol reaction. The group frequencies of the Infrared (IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra were assigned. The assigned spectral frequencies were correlated with Hammett substituent constants using single and multiparameter correlation equations. The influence of substituent effects on the group frequencies were predicted from the results of statistical analyses. The antioxidant activities of these ketones were studied using the 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method.

Complexometric Determination of Indium(III) and Thallium(III) Individually and in Mixtures Using Methylene Blue as Ion-Pair Indicator

-- Tesfahun Kebede, B B V Sailaja and M S Prasada Rao

Conditions have been established for the determination of Thallium(III) (Tl) and Indium(III) (In) individually and in mixtures. In the presence of sufficient chloride ions, Tl(III) forms the tetrachlorothallate(III), TlCl4 –, which forms a stable ion-pair association with the cationic part of methylene blue. Tl(III) is determined alone by direct titration with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA) using methylene blue as an ion-pair indicator. In(III) is titrated with EDTA in the presence of a known amount of Tl(III) and sufficient chloride with methylene blue as an ion-pair indicator. Moreover, direct titration of a mixture containing the two metal ions with EDTA results in successive complexation of the ions, first with In(III) and then with Tl(III). The equivalence point is reached in all cases when the pink color of the ion-pair association turns to blue. The titer value for the mixture corresponds to the total of In(III) and Tl(III) and a blank correction corresponding to Tl(III) is applied. In the analysis of the mixtures, the total amount of In(III) and Tl(III) is estimated complexometrically, while the Tl(III) alone is estimated bromatometrically after reducing to Tl(I). The amount of In(III) is calculated by difference.

Enthalpy of Mixing and Vaporization of Esters with Alcohols (Methyl Acetate – Methyl Alcohol and Ethyl Acetate – 2-Butyl Alcohol) at 298 and 308 K

-- Nandini Mallikarjun, Shivaranjini R Desai and K L Shivabasappa

Thermodynamic properties of mixtures play a crucial role in the design of chemical separation equipments. The objective was to determine the enthalpy of mixing and vaporization of binary mixture (Ethyl acetate – 2-Butyl alcohol and Methyl acetate – Methyl alcohol) at ambient pressure. The experiments were carried out in two phases. Initially, enthalpy of mixing was measured at 298 and 308 K, and later, the heat of vaporization was conducted for the same mixtures. The enthalpy of mixing was measured by static calorimetric method using cylindrical Dewar flask at varied composition. The mixing enthalpies of Methyl acetate – Methyl alcohol are positive over entire composition with an average percentage deviation of –0.032 and –0.01 at 298 and 308 K. Ethyl acetate – 2-Butyl alcohol are also positive over the entire composition with an average percentage deviation of –0.025 and –0.003 at 298 and 308 K. Furthermore, the heat of vaporization was measured by evaporative method using a flow calorimeter. In this phase, the average percentage deviation of Methyl acetate – Methyl alcohol is –0.056 and Ethyl acetate – 2-Butyl alcohol is 1.06. The experimental results can be used to define the thermodynamic property of binary mixtures and to analyze intermolecular interaction. The data can be used in design calculation of chemical separation equipments.

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Automated Teller Machines (ATMs): The Changing Face of Banking in India

Bank Management
Information and communication technology has changed the way in which banks provide services to its customers. These days the customers are able to perform their routine banking transactions without even entering the bank premises. ATM is one such development in recent years, which provides remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the development of this self-service banking in India based on the secondary data.

The Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is playing a very important role in the progress and advancement in almost all walks of life. The deregulated environment has provided an opportunity to restructure the means and methods of delivery of services in many areas, including the banking sector. The ICT has been a focused issue in the past two decades in Indian banking. In fact, ICTs are enabling the banks to change the way in which they are functioning. Improved customer service has become very important for the very survival and growth of banking sector in the reforms era. The technological advancements, deregulations, and intense competition due to the entry of private sector and foreign banks have altered the face of banking from one of mere intermediation to one of provider of quick, efficient and customer-friendly services. With the introduction and adoption of ICT in the banking sector, the customers are fast moving away from the traditional branch banking system to the convenient and comfort of virtual banking. The most important virtual banking services are phone banking, mobile banking, Internet banking and ATM banking. These electronic channels have enhanced the delivery of banking services accurately and efficiently to the customers. The ATMs are an important part of a bank’s alternative channel to reach the customers, to showcase products and services and to create brand awareness. This is reflected in the increase in the number of ATMs all over the world. ATM is one of the most widely used remote banking services all over the world, including India. This paper analyzes the growth of ATMs of different bank groups in India.
International Scenario

If ATMs are largely available over geographically dispersed areas, the benefit from using an ATM will increase as customers will be able to access their bank accounts from any geographic location. This would imply that the value of an ATM network increases with the number of available ATM locations, and the value of a bank network to a customer will be determined in part by the final network size of the banking system. The statistical information on the growth of branches and ATM network in select countries.

Indian Scenario

The financial services industry in India has witnessed a phenomenal growth, diversification and specialization since the initiation of financial sector reforms in 1991. Greater customer orientation is the only way to retain customer loyalty and withstand competition in the liberalized world. In a market-driven strategy of development, customer preference is of paramount importance in any economy. Gone are the days when customers used to come to the doorsteps of banks. Now the banks are required to chase the customers; only those banks which are customercentric and extremely focused on the needs of their clients can succeed in their business today.

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