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Application of Soft Sensors in Process Monitoring
and Control: A Review
-- Ajaya K Pani and Hare Krishna Mohanta
A major problem in product quality control in process industries is the difficulty of continuous online
measurement of certain output variables especially related to composition. Although analytical instruments are available
in some cases, significant time delays associated with most of such instruments make timely control difficult
and sometimes impossible. Soft sensor is a modeling approach to estimate hard-to-measure process variables
(primary variables) from easy-to-measure online process variables (secondary variables). The important steps of soft
sensor development are collection of historical plant data for different variables and their processing, development of
a model based on the available data and validation of the model. This paper presents the need and advantages of
soft sensor implementation in process industries and does a critical review of various techniques available for
data handling and modeling.
2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Design, Implementation and Optimization of
Highly Efficient UART
-- Parul Sharma and Ashutosh Gupta
The paper presents the hardware implementation of a high speed and efficient universal asynchronous
receiver and transmitter (UART) using FPGA which is fully functional and synthesizable. The UART consists of
a transmitter, a baud rate generator and a receiver. This has been implemented using Verilog hardware
description language (VHDL) and simulated using ModelSim SE 6.0d. The simulated waveform has been obtained in
0.83 µs (baud rate of 9600 kbps) using 25.171 MHz clock cycle. The Verilog description has been synthesized on
the field programmable gate array devices (FPGA) such as Virtex4 and Sparten3 and a comparative study has
been carried out. The maximum frequency of operation in case of Virtex4 and Sparten3 has been observed as
289.151 and 155.473 MHz respectively. Futhermore, the total power consumption in case of Virtex4 is 268 mW and
for Sparten3 it is 93 mW. The number of slices, look up tables (LUTS) and general clocks (GCLS) used by
Virtex4 is 63, 109 and 2, respectively, and by Sparten3 is 59, 112 and 25, respectively.
2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Classification of Five Mental Tasks from EEG Data
Using Neural Network Based on Principal Component Analysis
-- Vijay Khare, Jayashree Santhosh, Sneh Anand and Manvir Bhatia
The paper investigates the performance of multilayer back propagation neural network (MLP-BP NN))
with resilient training method for discrimination of five mental tasks. The principal component analysis (PCA)
was used for feature extraction of the relevant frequency bands from raw electroencephalogram (EEG) signals.
The five mental tasks used were relaxed, movement imagery, geometrical figure rotation and arithmetic task
(trivial and nontrivial multiplication).
2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Automatic Classification and Indexing
of Audio Broadcast Data
-- P Dhanalakshmi, S Palanivel and V Ramalingam
Audio classification has been a focus area in the research of audio processing and pattern recognition.
Automatic audio classification is very useful to audio indexing,
content-based audio retrieval and online audio
distribution, but the extraction of the most common and salient themes from unstructured raw audio data is a major
challenge. The paper presents effective algorithms to automatically classify audio clips into one of the six classes:
music, news, sports, advertisement, cartoon and movie. For these categories, a number of acoustic features that
include linear predictive coefficients (LPC), linear predictive cepstral coefficients (LPCC) and Mel frequency
cepstral coefficients (MFCC) are extracted to characterize the audio content. The auto associative neural network
model (AANN) is used to capture the distribution of the acoustic feature vectors. The AANN model captures
the distribution of the acoustic features of a class, and the back propagation learning algorithm is used to adjust
the weights of the network to minimize the mean square error for each feature vector. This work also proposes
an efficient audio indexing system which indexes movie clips using K-means clustering algorithm.
Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithms can produce satisfactory results.
2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Design and Development of Hybrid Microstrip
Array Antenna
-- S L Mallikarjun, P M Hadalgi, R G Madhuri and S A Malipatil
A two element rectangular microstrip array antenna is modified by placing optimum notch at each edge of
the patch, which results into plus shape. The elements of the array are fed by a corporate feed network. Further,
the study is extended for four and eight element hybrid array. The experimental results show that the
impedance bandwidth of the antenna increases considerably from 19.02% to 31.06%. The half power beam width
(HPBW) and gain are also presented.
2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Merging Multi-Document Text Summaries: A Case Study
-- Shanmugasundaram Hariharan
Multi-document summarization poses quite significant challenges like summary generation, evaluation,
compression, speed, etc. This paper addresses mainly the issue of merging two or more similar documents or summaries
for multi-document text summarization. Important sentences extracted from multiple-related sources are merged
to form a consolidated summary thereby producing coherent and non-repetitive summaries.
We have made an attempt to merge summaries that are generic in nature. We have also investigated the effect
of parameters like stop words and stemming that was found to enhance the performance of the system. Also
we measured the impact of position of sentence in a document. For the data set used, we found that the results
were promising and is more efficient as evaluated to use-generated outputs.
2009 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
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