Oct'21
The IUP Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Focus
Carrier aggregation is a technique in which the carriers of same or different bandwidth are aggregated to provide a larger bandwidth to satisfy the increased data rate. Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) technology using carrier aggregation provides wide bandwidth to meet the increased data requirement of wireless networks. Digital filters form the core component in these digital systems. In the second paper, "FIR Filters for
LTE-Advanced Technology", by Pushpavathi K P and B Kanmani, the design of the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) digital filters is studied. Digital FIR filter design from the frequency sampling method as applied to the LTE-A standard is discussed. It is observed that higher order FIR filters with narrow transition band could be used in the devices that support LTE-A standards for carrier aggregation.
Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools are used for the design and manufacture of electronic circuits. In the third paper, "Electronic Design Automation Tools: A Review", by Suthar Aarti D, industrial EDA tools like Quite Universal Circuit Simulator (QUCS), LTspice IV and eSim EDA are compared in respect of the characteristics, interface, input file format, output file format and simulation scenario.
Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of different devices embedded with electronics, sensors, actuators, etc., which can communicate with each other. In the fourth paper, "IoT-Based Smart Garbage Collecting System", by N Dhanasekar, S Pasupathi Raja and S Soundarya, a garbage collection system, which can automatically identify the level of bins and send data to the cloud and display it on a webpage or app, is described. Microcontroller is used to process the data from the ultrasonic sensors and data is sent over the cloud to the control center. In the event of a fire, a temperature sensor detects the fire and the fire station is alerted.
In the last paper, "Energy Conservation System for Classroom Using Microcontroller: An Innovation", by Alaina Thea A Villanueva and Anthony U Concepcion, development of classroom energy conservation system is described. Electricity supply to a classroom is controlled depending upon the presence of students in the class, for which an infra red sensor and a microcontroller-based system are used.
Consulting Editor
A Low-Cost High-Speed Smart Instrument for Effective Electro Neuro Medical Diagnostics
Electromyography (EMG) is the study of a muscle function through the inquiry of the electrical signal the muscles emanate. Although it was invented by Luigi Galvin way back in 1791, it has come into use only in recent times. EMG was largely used during the Second World War on wounded soldiers, and since then, it has got widespread use in almost all the clinical hospitals, academic medical schools and multinational multispecial superspecialized corporate hospitals. Therefore, in this study, we set up a multi-channel real-time power amplifier set for effective medical diagnostics. The amplifier is designed in such a way that it captures the EMG signals with special reference to the physiology of the upper limb and anatomical structure, and flexor aspect of forearm muscles of the subject having an input impedance more than 300 W (Mega Ohms). The technical specifications and performance of the instrumentation influence the accuracy of measurement so that meaningful recording of electrical activity can be performed with properly designed equipment.
FIR Filters for LTE-Advanced Technology
Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) technology was rolled out to meet the increase in the demand for data. The key mechanism of LTE-A, carrier aggregation provides wide bandwidth to meet this increased data requirement. Most of the smartphones support carrier aggregation to offer wide bandwidth. The hardware requirements of these digital systems are also modified to meet the specifications like small area, less power consumption, small size, etc. Digital filters form the core component in these digital systems. The paper applies the design of the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) digital filters to the devices that support carrier aggregation.
Electronic Design Automation Tools: A Review
Due to the development of electronics industry, the complexity of the circuits has increased and the growth of integrated circuits is increasing exponentially. The manufacturing process of electronic equipment is also becoming more and more complex. Approach of artificial design and analysis of circuits is unable to meet the general requirements; therefore, computer simulation and analysis of circuits have become very important. On the other hand, with rapid development of computer industry, the computer has become a good option for circuit simulation. In order to solve the design and development problems of large-scale and very large-scale integrated circuits, Electronic Design Automation (EDA) technology came into existence, and the need for EDA has increased. The paper introduces different tools and functions of EDA technology and briefly discusses the general methods of electronic design using EDA packages and tools. A comparison is also made with the available EDA tools.
IoT-Based Smart Garbage Collecting System
In cities, many times we see that the garbage bins or dustbins placed at public places are overflowing. It creates unhygienic conditions and ugliness to that place. At the same time, bad smell is also spread (Dhanasekar et al., 2018). To overcome this problem, the paper suggests a method which saves time and prevents environment from pollution. This method automatically identifies the level of bins, sends data to the cloud and displays it using webpage or app. Microcontroller is used to process the data from the ultrasonic sensor and the NODE MCU is used to send the data to the cloud. Garbage level can be detected using the ultrasonic sensor and the GPS is used to find out the exact location of the bin, and this information can be sent to the truck driver. With the help of that message, the truck driver can identify the location and the status of the bins. This method also has temperature sensor to find out the temperature of the garbage bin, and the information is passed to nearby fire station using GSM if there are any fire accidents.
Energy Conservation System for Classroom Using Microcontroller: An Innovation
Schools are now focusing on power-saving measures aimed at conserving energy, going green and saving money. The objective of the study is to measure electricity consumption and display the number of people entering a classroom by counting through a system built in device. When the number of persons inside the room is equal to zero, the power supply inside the room should be cut using a relay interface, and when the number of persons count is greater than zero, the microcontroller turns on the room lights and fans. Using this device, the school can conserve energy, benefit better foster student learning, increase knowledge and serve as center of community life. According to Martirano (2011), in view of the foregoing issues and concerns pertaining to high energy consumptions, the use of energy conservation system for classroom may be considered as a possible solution to the aforementioned issues. The system was found highly acceptable in terms of functionality, reliability, usability, efficiency and portability. The acceptability of energy conservation system for classroom is not only strongly recommended and adopted by the school administration to reduce their energy consumption and bills but also should be available for other colleges or schools. The study was found to be highly acceptable and strongly recommended for further improvement of the system in the field of industrial technology.