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Teleological Dynamics of Organizational Performance:
From Process to Practice and Perfectionism
--Sidharta Chatterjee
Workforce education forms one of the core aspects of organizational learning which aims for performance as well as efficiency. Learning is goal-oriented in business organizations. Organizations’ activities are highly-oriented towards customer satisfaction. Organizations learn from practice and delivery of services to meet consumer needs and necessities. Perfection, efficiency and smart practices define today’s multinational organizational culture. But how do the multinational organizations achieve such perfections in their business operations? This paper addresses this issue by linking teleological aspects of learning and practice to performance, adoption of routines, and learning-induced adaptation in order to explain how they achieve “perfection” in practice and operations. Further, the paper attempts to study a particular aspect of organizational (teleological perfectionism) process by modeling scenarios which define goaloriented organizational learning and adaptation, and underpins how such teleological processes effectively benefit organizations in the long run. Conclusions drawn up from an example being modeled in this paper suggest that teleology, or teleological dynamics play significant role in shaping today’s organizations and help explain some (or high) degree of perfectionism in their operations.
© 2016 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
The Role of Competition, IPRs and Labor in
FDI Inflows/Outflows, GDP Growth and Industry Value-Added
--Georgios I Zekos
The protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) has not been harmonized across jurisdictions. There is a need to investigate the influence of IPR protection on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) for different host jurisdictions. The link between the strength of a state’s IPRs regime and its degree of growth is theoretically unclear. The current analysis shows that IPRs protection is an important variable in attracting FDI. The indices zekipr1a/ zekipr3/zekipr4/zekipr5 in a linear modeling investigation give a positive result regarding the impact of IPRs upon FDI inflows which means that our indices (zekipr1a/ zekipr3/zekipr4/zekipr5/zekipr6 produced by different ways of the quantitative expression of IPRs law) are useful instruments for economic and econometric analysis. © 2016 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Real-World Data Analytics in Global Pharmaceutical Marketing
--Badal Rath and Surjit Kumar Kar
Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) data continues to be the gold standard as evident for clinical safety and efficacy. It supports product registration and prescriptions in pharma and healthcare. RCTs provide data in the real-world clinical settings; however, their controlled nature within the real world is a limitation. Moving from controlled environment into real-world settings gives a true picture of the medication effectiveness along the patient treatment pathway. Healthcare decision makers are demanding real-world evidence to support clinical effectiveness and safety before approval in addition to RCTs and also to support various healthcare policy developments. Real-World Data (RWD) provides data to various stakeholders, e.g., payers who are looking for cost-effectiveness; physicians to effectively manage patients; and providers looking towards reducing healthcare delivery cost. RWD gets generated via various sources but the fastest methods being observational studies and patient registries. Post-marketing studies also generate RWD which are now frequently being asked by the regulators for demonstrating efficacy, quality, and safety. This shift in trend from RCTs to real-world data has marketing implications since pharmaceutical and healthcare marketers customize the marketing messages with the help of data generated from the RCT and other evidences generated during the clinical trials. The shift from RCTs to real-world data needs a shift in focus from RCT to real-world evidences from marketing and sales perspectives. This research paper focuses on the use of RWD analytics in pharmaceutical and healthcare marketing. © 2016 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Management of Innovation:
The Case of IT and Pharmaceutical SMEs
--Nomita Sharma
It is a well-known fact that Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) play a prominent part in worldwide economy. In India, the contribution of SMEs is about 45% of the gross turnover in the manufacturing sector and 40% of total exports. These companies are also a source of employment to many people and contribute maximum to the country’s economy. Knowledge has been recognized as a major determinant of competitive edge. And it has replaced traditional factors with knowledge factors. The results show that innovation has a positive impact on the size of the enterprise, and also on its performance. This paper analyzes case studies of some enterprises in information technology and pharmaceutical sectors. Information technology firms tend to innovate more due to their impact on the other sectors. More competition in the past has pushed these enterprises into more innovative activities. These case studies present the background information, management of innovation, factors that influence innovation, and resources of innovation that affect implementation of innovative practices in SMEs. Some enterprises are startups, while some are decade-old companies which have grown with time. The factors that influence innovation are opportunities, new business proposition, high cost of existing product, aim to have more market share, to be the market leader and to provide affordable technical solution to everybody. © 2016 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
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