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Performance Evaluation
of Palmester Oil Blends with Diesel
in Compression Ignition Engine
-- C Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, B Jayachandraiah
and K Madan Mohan Reddy
Palmester oil is a clean burning alternative fuel produced from palm oil. Palmester oil contains no
petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with petroleum or diesel to create a biodiesel blend (palm oil
with diesel). It can be fed into Compression Ignition (CI) engines with little or no modifications. Palmester
oil is simple to use, biodegradable, nontoxic, and essentially free of sulfur and aromatics. In the
present investigation, palmester was prepared by transesterification method to make it suitable for use in
CI engine, and the performance of the engine was evaluated using the developed biodiesel blends. Six
specific blends were prepared for testing, i.e., B10 (10% palmester + 90% diesel), B20 (20% palmester +
80% diesel), B30 (30% palmester + 70% diesel), B40 (40% palmester + 60% diesel), B50 (50% palmester
+ 50% diesel) and B100 (100% palmester). The performance of the engine using palmester oil blends
was evaluated in a 4-stroke single cylinder CI engine and compared with the performance with diesel.
Results indicated that B20 has closer performance to diesel and B100 has lower Brake Thermal (B Th)
efficiency mainly due to its higher viscosity compared to diesel. However, B20 palmester blend oil showed
reasonable efficiencies of lowest Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), brake thermal efficiency, Brake Horse
Power (BHP), mechanical efficiency, volumetric efficiency and exhaust gas temperature as compared to diesel.
© 2010 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Internal Surface Finishing of Brass Tubes by
Dry/Wet Magnetic Abrasives
-- Lakhvir Singh, Sehijpal Singh and P S Mishra
With the development of new harder materials and new products, and advancement of
manufacturing technology, fine surface finish is in great demand. New materials have qualities like high
temperature resistance, light weight and high corrosive resistance and are used in high-tech industries like
aerospace and electronics. The machining of complicated shapes and new materials with conventional-edged tools
is uneconomical, and also the degree of surface finish obtained is poor. A relatively new finishing
method, Magnetic Abrasive Machining (MAM), can be used to efficiently produce good quality surface finish
of new materials and complicated shapes. The magnetic abrasives play a vital role in MAM, and only a
few studies are available regarding the use of lubricants in MAM. In the present study, the performance of
dry magnetic abrasives was compared with wet magnetic abrasives when used for the internal finishing
of brass tubes. To make the magnetic abrasives wet, high speed diesel (20% by weight) was used as
the lubricant. It has been found that the improvement in surface finish and Material Removal Rate
(MRR) was more in the case of wet magnetic abrasives, as compared to the dry magnetic abrasives. The
maximum improvement in surface finish with dry magnetic abrasives was around 55%, while in the case of the
wet magnetic abrasives, it was up to 70%. The improvement in MRR with wet magnetic abrasives
was remarkable (around 100%).
© 2010 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Visualization of Air-Water Type
Two-Phase Flow Patterns
-- Mahesh J Vaze and Jyotirmay Banerjee
For a gas-liquid two-phase flow, the interface changes its position with respect to time and space. Flow
and thermal field in each phase in the vicinity of the interface influence the interface location. The
movement of interface in turn influences the flow field. Various two-phase flow regimes are thus observed as
the flow parameters of the two phases are varied. The phenomena of bubble coalescence, growth and
breakup, and the mass, momentum and energy exchange between the two phases add up to the numerical
complexities towards capturing these flow patterns using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models. The
numerical models for the two-phase flow are thus still in the developmental phase. A comprehensive
comparison with experiment can go a long way in establishing the strength and reliability of the existing CFD
models. Towards this objective, an experimental setup is developed to visualize the temporal and spatial
organization of air-water two-phase flow patterns. The flow patterns captured with a high speed camera are
compared with the numerically visualized flow patterns obtained using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) model for
the two-phase flow. The development of stratified, wavy, plug, slug and annular flow patterns are discussed
in detail, and interfacial and wall shear stresses for all these patterns are compared.
© 2010 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Power and Forces in the Making of Long Tubes with Different Materials
-- Sukhwinder Singh Jolly and Devinder Singh
The technique of moving the metal rather than removing it and simultaneously reducing the
forming forces and press capacity led the metal working industry to localize the deformation zone to a
small volume of the workpiece, thus saving in the materials and energy for getting the final shape. In this
paper, a comparative study of the power and forces in the making of long tubes has been carried out.
The condition of volume constancy has been satisfied. The total energy and forces consumed in the
deformation of various materials have been found and various process parameters have been plotted. Various
conclusions with explanation have been stated.
© 2010 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Response Surface Methodology Tool
for Predicting Engineering Constants
of Glass Fiber Reinforced Composite Angle Lamina
-- Syed Altaf Hussain, K Palani Kumar and V Pandurangadu
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) composite materials are replacing traditional
engineering materials owing to their properties. In the present work, the mechanical constants Ex, Ey, vxy and Gxy of continuous fiber GFRP angle-ply lamina (specially orthotropic lamina) were determined for three
different fiber volume fractions using finite element method. A finite element model incorporating the
necessary boundary conditions was developed and is solved using the commercially available FEA (ANSYS
11.0) package. The response surface models for longitudinal Young's modulus
(Ex), transverse modulus
(Ey), major Poisson's ratio
(nxy), and in-plane shear modulus
(Gxy) have been developed using the data
obtained from ANSYS results. The adequacy of the developed model is verified by using coefficient of
determination and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) methods. The research showed acceptable prediction results for
the response surface models. The results showed an average accuracy of 0.997 for longitudinal Young's
modulus (Ex), 0.984 for transverse modulus
(Ey), 0.953 for in-plane shear modulus
(Gxy) and 0.998 for major
Poisson' ratio (nxy).
© 2010 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
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