|
The Need for a ‘Bad Bank’ Model
in Stressed Asset Resolution in India
-- Pradeep Kumar Pattnaik, Bibekananda Panda
and D Rama Krishna Reddy
Indian banking is passing through a difficult phase of twin balance sheet problem and depleting capital base. As defined by the IMF in its Global Financial Stability Report, October 2017, Indian banking is placed on a par with the leveraged banking system of PIIGS (Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain). The attempted solutions to the impaired asset quality problem, starting from measures like Central Repository of Information on Large Credits (CRILC), Joint Lenders Forum (JLF), CDR, SDR, S4A plan, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) (2016), Asset Restructuring Company (ARC), etc., have not yielded the desired result, and today 11 Public Sector Banks (PSBs) have already figured under RBI’s Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) mechanism. Lenders are today not so comfortable in referring the stressed assets for insolvency proceeding to the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), given the present IBC-2016 structure. As Bad Bank (BB) model has been successful in many advanced economies in resolving the impaired asset quality issue, the time has come for Indian banking to try this model. The present study has analyzed different forms of BBs and their relative merits and demerits in the Indian context. Given the dominance of PSBs in Indian banking, the study suggests an appropriate government-owned BB model to relieve the leveraged banking system.
© 2018 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Measurement of Revenue Efficiency
of Scheduled Commercial Banks Across Ownership in India
-- Aparna Bhatia and Megha Mahendru
The main aim of this paper is to assess the revenue efficiency scores of scheduled commercial banks in India categorized across bank ownership. The nature of Return to Scale (RTS) of public, private and foreign banks is also analyzed. The paper further identifies the number of banks operating as leaders and laggards in the banking sector according to revenue efficiency and its components. Revenue efficiency of banks is calculated by employing the non-parametric approach, namely, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The efficiency scores have further been decomposed into technical and allocative efficiency. The differences in the efficiency scores across bank ownership pattern have also been examined by applying Panel Tobit Regression both over the reformatory as well as post-reform years of banking industry. Indian scheduled commercial banks, in all three sectors—public, private and foreign—have never achieved full revenue efficiency score of 1 in any of the years under study. The ownership-wise results for revenue efficiency and its components reveal that public sector banks are in the first position in reformatory era, followed by foreign banks and then private sector banks. In the
post-reform period, private sector banks seemed to have picked up their performance in comparison to public and foreign banks, but the differences were insignificant as depicted by the results of Panel Tobit Regression.
© 2018 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Progress in Digital Banking After Demonetization: Some Evidence
-- Nitin Bansal and Mini Jain
This paper aims to demonstrate the optimization of digital banking after demonetization of a series of currency notes denominated in 500 and 1,000 in India. The government initiated the demonetization process on November 8, 2016. India is a developing country and Indian banks have been offering digital banking service to its customers since 2008, but it is also a fact that the frequency to optimize this service was very limited and customers were not availing this service. Mostly, customers from metro and urban cities used the digital banking option for transactions. After demonetization, the customers have started to optimize this service due to less transaction time, easy to operate at any time at any place and for proper record of all the transactions digitally. This study examines whether there is any significant change in the utilization of digital banking services in India post demonetization. This is a descriptive study and the data for research has been taken from November 2015 to October 2017, i.e., one year before demonetization and one year after demonetization, and paired sample t-test has been used for analysis.
© 2018 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Mobile Banking and the PMJDY:
Evidence from an Indian State
-- Jasmine Gupta
Financial services should be made available at affordable costs to all segments of the society. Moreover, as banking services are in the nature of public good, it is essential that they are available to the entire population without any discrimination. Then only total financial inclusion can be achieved. According to Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), the ‘National Mission on Financial Inclusion’ launched in August 2014, technology can play a major role in financial inclusion in the country. The main hurdle to financial inclusion in India is the large population and low volumes, thus leading to unnecessary costs. The only way to bring down costs to an affordable level and to improve the reach of financial services to the remotest corner of the country is by effectively leveraging technology, specifically mobile technology. The mobile phone revolution that is transforming our country could also turn into a banking revolution in terms of reach and transaction. Moreover, with the advent of smartphones, almost all banking transactions are now possible through mobile banking. In India, mobile banking has received a thrust from both RBI and Government of India. However, its overall penetration remains low. This paper makes an attempt to highlight the findings of research carried out by the author to analyze the usage of mobile banking at two separate time intervals—pre-PMJDY (before the yojana) and post-PMJDY—in a specific Indian state. The author also provides suggestions as to how to leverage this technology and improve its penetration to further financial inclusion in the country.
© 2018 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
Do Elder Homeowners from Different Regions Differ Significantly in Awareness and Willingness
of Reverse Mortgage: Some Sample Evidence from Delhi and Rajasthan
--Sarita Gupta and Sanjay Kumar
The Government of India introduced Reverse Mortgage (RM) scheme in 2007 as a social security scheme which renders an opportunity for aging India to convert vast illiquid housing assets into regular cash streams. This paper makes an attempt to examine whether Indian elderly homeowners from metro and non-metro cities are significantly different in their awareness and willingness towards RM, as both regions are highly diversified in literacy, lifestyle, and cultural and traditional aspects. The results reveal that awareness and willingness of elderly homeowners towards RM is independent of geographic regions. The study advocates that equal efforts should be made in both metro and non-metro regions for promotion of awareness. To augment the willingness towards RM, the National Housing Bank (NHB) and other bankers should include fair, feasible and friendly terms so that the market size can be enhanced.
© 2018 IUP. All Rights Reserved.
|
